Maximum Voltage Stability Margin Problem With Complementarity Constraints for Multi-Area Power Systems

Abstract

Abstract-This paper studies the multi-area voltage and reactive power management regarding the voltage stability. In this respect, the maximization of effective reactive power reserve is proposed using centralized and decentralized implementations. The proposed formulations benefit from the detailed modeling of generators reactive power limits as well as the distributed slack bus model for the compensation of active power imbalances. In addition, the generator switch between the constant terminal voltage and the constant reactive power output is modeled by the complementarity constraints. The simulation results demonstrate that the well-known decentralized implementation does not converge whenever there are PV generators at border buses. It is illustrated that this problem occurs when the complementarity constraints are considered. Appropriate modifications are proposed for the formulation of the decentralized optimization in order to consider the effect of the complementarity constraints at border buses. The effectiveness of the proposed formulation to handle such optimization problems is evaluated using the New England 39-bus system with three areas.Index Terms-Centralized optimization, decentralized optimization, effective reactive power reserve, multi-area voltage management.

New Distributed Optimization Method for TSO–DSO Coordinated Grid Operation Preserving Power System Operator Sovereignty

“…Handling complicating constraints LR [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Handling copy variables APP [6,10,11] PCPM [11] ADMM [11][12][13] ALADIN [13] Slack/load equivalent TSO-DSO chain [14] OPF chain [15] Susceptance matrix based TSO coordination [16] PQ, PV, PQ(V) updating equivalent [17] Load, Extended Ward or REI equivalents with deviation penalization [1] DSO-TSO-DSO chain [1,18] Equivalent function for normalized cost Several mathematical decomposition methods have been proposed and are still being further developed. The Lagrangian relaxation (LR) technique has been proposed and proven several times with electrical power systems [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Therein, LR is often applied to optimize voltage control and reactive power dispatch [6][7][8][9].…”

“…The Lagrangian relaxation (LR) technique has been proposed and proven several times with electrical power systems [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Therein, LR is often applied to optimize voltage control and reactive power dispatch [6][7][8][9]. In contrast, other decomposition techniques include variables at the system operator borders to the optimization problems of both sides.…”

“…The power flows (used in Equations ( 1) and ( 2)) and loadings (used in Equations ( 7), (8), and ( 18)) at bus f into branch i towards bus t and vice versa (i, t, f ) are defined for balanced three-phase power systems by Equations ( 9)- (12) and Equations ( 13)-( 16), respectively. Similar to Equation (16), if the nominal voltage V n i, f of the branch i at the side of bus f equals the nominal voltage of that bus V n f .…”

Improving and warning the static stability limit of complex power grid tie-line based on WAMS

“…At present, research has proposed some methods to calculate static stability limits, such as the collapse point method [5][6] and the optimal power flow method (OPF) [7][8][9][10]. However, these methods are applicable to a set of deterministic loads and power generation.…”

Design of joint active and reactive power reserve market: a multi‐objective approach using NSGA II

“…Almost in all markets, active power reserve is held as a separate market and reactive power reserve provision is overlooked. For example [6–10] have addressed the method of maximisation and management of reactive power reserve capacity based on static voltage stability indices and maintaining network voltage security; however, no separate market is set for reactive power reserve provision. Since the price of reactive power is less than that of active power, and opportunity cost payments are mostly inadequate, generators are not intending to produce in the zone which forces them to reduce their active power production.…”