Maximum Temperature Limits for Chinook, Coho, and Chum Salmon, and Steelhead Trout in the Pacific Northwest

Richter, Ann; Kolmes, Steven A.

doi:10.1080/10641260590885861

Cited by 287 publications

(332 citation statements)

References 66 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

324

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Salmon are sensitive to thermal increases, with impairment occurring at the following stated temperature ranges for these different stages of their life history: smoltification and spawning 12-15°C, disease virulence 16°C, migration 19-23°C, and lethal threshold 24-26°C (Richter & Kolmes 2005). Simulations predict increasing freshwater temperatures and increasing thermal stress for salmon in western Washington that are slight for the 2020s but increasingly greater later in the 21st century (Climate Impacts Group 2009).…”

Section: Range Shiftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model Approach for Estimating Colony Size, Trends, and Habitat Associations of Burrow-Nesting Seabirds

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Range Shiftsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model Approach for Estimating Colony Size, Trends, and Habitat Associations of Burrow-Nesting Seabirds

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Since 1950, average annual air temperatures at the majority of meteorological stations in the region have risen by Ϸ0.25°C/decade (2), and climate models predict another 1.5-3.2°C increase by the middle of the 21st century (3). Higher air temperatures are likely to increase water temperatures, which could be harmful to salmon during the spawning, incubation, and rearing stages of their life cycle (4). Warmer temperatures also lead to earlier snowmelt and to a lower proportion of precipitation falling as snow.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Projected impacts of climate change on salmon habitat restoration

Battin

Wiley

Ruckelshaus

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

341

301

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Throughout the world, efforts are under way to restore watersheds, but restoration planning rarely accounts for future climate change. Using a series of linked models of climate, land cover, hydrology, and salmon population dynamics, we investigated the impacts of climate change on the effectiveness of proposed habitat restoration efforts designed to recover depleted Chinook salmon populations in a Pacific Northwest river basin. Model results indicate a large negative impact of climate change on freshwater salmon habitat. Habitat restoration and protection can help to mitigate these effects and may allow populations to increase in the face of climate change. The habitat deterioration associated with climate change will, however, make salmon recovery targets much more difficult to attain. Because the negative impacts of climate change in this basin are projected to be most pronounced in relatively pristine, high-elevation streams where little restoration is possible, climate change and habitat restoration together are likely to cause a spatial shift in salmon abundance. River basins that span the current snow line appear especially vulnerable to climate change, and salmon recovery plans that enhance lower-elevation habitats are likely to be more successful over the next 50 years than those that target the higher-elevation basins likely to experience the greatest snow-rain transition.Chinook salmon ͉ hydrologic model ͉ population model ͉ Snohomish River ͉ stream flow O ver the past decade, billions of dollars have been spent on the restoration of aquatic habitats throughout the United States (1). In the northwestern U.S., aquatic habitat restoration has been driven largely by the Endangered Species Act, under which several species of Pacific salmon have been listed. The listings have led to the development of salmon recovery plans for watersheds throughout the region. Long-term freshwater habitat protection and restoration projects are central to all plans. Planners rely heavily on fish habitat models to evaluate the potential effectiveness of proposed restoration strategies, and numerous models have been developed to predict restoration effects. In almost all cases, these models assume stationary future climate conditions when assessing how restoration will affect fish abundance and productivity. Given the increasing certainty that climate change is accelerating, models that ignore the potential effects of future climate may generate misleading predictions of the relative benefits of different recovery strategies.The northwestern U.S. has warmed by between 0.7 and 0.9°C during the 20th century. Since 1950, average annual air temperatures at the majority of meteorological stations in the region have risen by Ϸ0.25°C/decade (2), and climate models predict another 1.5-3.2°C increase by the middle of the 21st century (3). Higher air temperatures are likely to increase water temperatures, which could be harmful to salmon during the spawning, incubation, and rearing stages of their life cycle (4). Warmer temperatures a...

show abstract

“…For example, warm water temperatures reduce the ability of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to successfully undergo smoltification (Marine and Cech 2004) and increase chronic hormonal stress in juvenile coho salmon (O. kisutch, Thomas et al 1986). Moreover, salmonids that are physiologically stressed by warm water temperatures may be unable to handle further stressors like pollutants or pathogens (Richter and Kolmes 2005). For example, the dual effects of warmer temperatures -including reduced physiological performance and increased parasite outbreaks -may result in increased mortality (Udey et al 1975;Ray et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black spot infection in juvenile steelhead trout increases with stream temperature in northern California

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Climate change will increase water temperature in rivers and streams that provide critical habitat for imperiled species. Warmer water temperatures will influence the intensity and nature of biotic interactions, including parasitism. To better understand the factors influencing a neascus-type parasitic infection known as black spot disease, we examined the relationship between infection rate in juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), abundance of another intermediate host (ramshorn snail, Planorbella trivolvis), and water temperature. We quantified infection patterns of trout at seven sites within the South Fork Eel River in northern California, visiting each site on three different occasions across the summer, and recording water temperature at each site. We also quantified infection patterns in trout captured from two tributaries to the South Fork Eel River. Overall, trout infection rates were highest in sites with the warmest temperatures. The abundance of ramshorn snails was positively related to both water temperature and black spot infection rates in juvenile trout. Both snail abundance and infection rates increased rapidly above a 23°C daily maximum, suggesting a threshold effect at this temperature. We suggest that warmer temperatures are associated with environmental and biotic conditions that increase black spot disease prevalence in threatened steelhead trout. A comparison of our results with similar data collected from a more northern latitude suggests that salmonids in California may be warm-adapted in terms of their parasite susceptibility.

show abstract

Maximum Temperature Limits for Chinook, Coho, and Chum Salmon, and Steelhead Trout in the Pacific Northwest

Cited by 287 publications

References 66 publications

A Model Approach for Estimating Colony Size, Trends, and Habitat Associations of Burrow-Nesting Seabirds

A Model Approach for Estimating Colony Size, Trends, and Habitat Associations of Burrow-Nesting Seabirds

Projected impacts of climate change on salmon habitat restoration

Black spot infection in juvenile steelhead trout increases with stream temperature in northern California

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About