Black spot infection in juvenile steelhead trout increases with stream temperature in northern California

Schaaf, Cody J.; Kelson, Suzanne J.; Nusslé, Sébastien; Carlson, Stephanie M.

doi:10.1007/s10641-017-0599-9

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, nearby habitats that are also used by juvenile O. mykiss , such as the mainstem South Fork of the Eel River, can be quite warm during the summer (up to 28°C), and those warmer conditions are associated with higher incidence of black spot disease (Schaaf et al. ). Moreover, drought years without a scouring flood event produce a food web that is less favorable for salmonids feeding in the mainstem South Fork Eel River (Power et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While we found little difference in late summer fish density among years, it is possible that this reflects earlier self-thinning or significant mortality differences among years, and thus improved growth opportunities for survivors Vinyard 1997, Keeley 2003). Additionally, nearby habitats that are also used by juvenile O. mykiss, such as the mainstem South Fork of the Eel River, can be quite warm during the summer (up to 28°C), and those warmer conditions are associated with higher incidence of black spot disease (Schaaf et al 2017). Moreover, drought years without a scouring flood event produce a food web that is less favorable for salmonids feeding in the mainstem South Fork Eel River (Power et al 2008(Power et al , 2013.…”

Section: Drought Weather Whiplashes and O Mykiss Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do precipitation extremes drive growth and migration timing of a Pacific salmonid fish in Mediterranean‐climate streams?

Kelson

Carlson

2019

Ecosphere

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Climate change is expected to increase weather extremes and variability, including more frequent weather whiplashes or extreme swings between severe drought and extraordinarily wet years. Shifts in precipitation patterns will alter stream flow regimes, affecting critical life history stages of sensitive aquatic organisms. Understanding how threatened fish species, such as steelhead/rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), are affected by stream flows in years with contrasting environmental conditions is important for their conservation. Here, we report how extreme wet and dry years, from 2015 to 2018, affected stream flow patterns in two tributaries to the South Fork Eel River, California, USA, and aspects of O. mykiss ecology, including over‐summer fish growth and body condition as well as spring out‐migration timing. We found that stream flow patterns differed across years in the timing and magnitude of large winter–spring flow events and in summer low‐flow levels. We were surprised to find that differences in stream flows did not impact growth, body condition, or timing of out‐migration of O. mykiss. Fish growth was limited in the late summer in these streams (average of 0.02 ± 0.05 mm/d), but was similar across dry and wet years, and so was end‐of‐summer body condition and pool‐specific biomass loss from the beginning to the end of the summer. Similarly, O. mykiss migrated out of tributaries during the last week of March/first week of April regardless of the timing of spring flow events. We suggest that the muted response to inter‐annual hydrologic variability is due to the high quality of habitat provided by these unimpaired, groundwater‐fed tributaries. Similar streams that are likely to maintain cool temperatures and sufficient base flows, even in the driest years, should be a high priority for conservation and restoration efforts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drought Weather Whiplashes and O Mykiss Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Do precipitation extremes drive growth and migration timing of a Pacific salmonid fish in Mediterranean‐climate streams?

Kelson

Carlson

2019

Ecosphere

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“…At the same time, fish were measured for fork length (FL, in mm) and mass (to the nearest 0.01 g). We collected additional tissue samples from juvenile trout collected in the South Fork Eel River during sampling for other studies (Schaaf, Kelson, Nusslé, & Carlson, ), and a subset of those samples ( n = 112, mean ± SD FL = 61 ± 36 mm) were included here as a reference to the tributary sites in a principal component analysis (PCA; see below).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We collected additional tissue samples from juvenile trout collected in the South Fork Eel River during sampling for other studies (Schaaf, Kelson, Nusslé, & Carlson, 2017), and a subset of those samples (n = 112, mean ± SD FL = 61 ± 36 mm) were included here as a ref-…”

Section: Fish Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal dynamics of migration‐linked genetic variation are driven by streamflows and riverscape permeability

et al. 2020

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Landscape permeability is often explored spatially, but may also vary temporally. Landscape permeability, including partial barriers, influences migratory animals that move across the landscape. Partial barriers are common in rivers where barrier passage varies with streamflow. We explore the influence of partial barriers on the spatial and temporal distribution of migration‐linked genotypes of Oncorhynchus mykiss, a salmonid fish with co‐occurring resident and migratory forms, in tributaries to the South Fork Eel River, California, USA, Elder and Fox Creeks. We genotyped >4,000 individuals using RAD‐capture and classified individuals as resident, heterozygous or migratory genotypes using life history‐associated loci. Across four years of study (2014–2017), the permeability of partial barriers varied across dry and wet years. In Elder Creek, the largest waterfall was passable for adults migrating up‐river 4–39 days each year. In this stream, the overall spatial pattern, with fewer migratory genotypes above the waterfall, remained true across dry and wet years (67%–76% of migratory alleles were downstream of the waterfall). We also observed a strong relationship between distance upstream and proportion of migratory alleles. In Fox Creek, the primary barrier is at the mouth, and we found that the migratory allele frequency varied with the annual timing of high flow events. In years when rain events occurred during the peak breeding season, migratory allele frequency was high (60%–68%), but otherwise it was low (30% in two years). We highlight that partial barriers and landscape permeability can be temporally dynamic, and this effect can be observed through changing genotype frequencies in migratory animals.

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“…Water temperature strongly controls stream biota survival (e.g., Ray et al, ), and transiently wetted channel stretches create gaps that trap and isolate aquatic species that lack the ability to survive in the hyporheic zone (e.g., Jaeger et al, ). Fluctuations in water temperature and wetted channel network (WCN) extent affect the habitat connectivity and health of salmonid species, including steelhead ( Onchorhynchus mykiss ) and coho ( Onchorhynchus kisutch ) (e.g., Danehy et al, ; Kelson et al, ; Schaaf et al, ). Furthermore, transiently wetted stretches can produce hypoxic backwater events that can be devastating for certain populations (e.g., Hladyz et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drainage from the Critical Zone: Lithologic Controls on the Persistence and Spatial Extent of Wetted Channels during the Summer Dry Season

Lovill

Hahm

Dietrich

2018

Water Resources Research

154

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In seasonally dry environments, critical zone drainage provides base flow that sustains river ecosystems. The extent of wetted channels and magnitude of base flow throughout the network, however, are rarely documented, and no general theory currently exists enabling the prediction of these key ecosystem properties. We conducted channel surveys in early and late summers of 2012, 2014, and 2015 in four headwater drainage networks (2.8–17.0 km2, in the Franciscan Formation of the Eel River (Northern California)), two of which are underlain by the Coastal Belt (argillite and inter‐bedded sandstone) and two of which are underlain by the Central Belt (sheared argillaceous‐matrix, meta‐sedimentary mélange). In all networks, stationary springs controlled the extent of flow. Though surveyed during a period of multiyear drought, the two adjacent Coastal Belt networks remained flowing throughout late‐summer months, sustained by drainage from groundwater stored in thick weathered bedrock above fresh, impermeable bedrock. Flow magnitudes, however, decreased and surface flows became increasingly discontinuous, largely due to infiltration into thick gravel deposits on the channel bed. Only 23 km away, in the Central Belt mélange, channel flow ceased early in the summer because the thin critical zone (typically <3 m) stored little water. All late‐summer flowing water initiated from deep‐rooted sandstone blocks and terminated a short distance downslope. Our findings suggest that lithology and critical zone development exert primary controls on wetted channel extent. Given similar annual precipitation, nearby watersheds can have dramatically different summer wetted channel networks that result in fundamentally different aquatic ecosystems.

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Black spot infection in juvenile steelhead trout increases with stream temperature in northern California

Cited by 15 publications

References 57 publications

Do precipitation extremes drive growth and migration timing of a Pacific salmonid fish in Mediterranean‐climate streams?

Do precipitation extremes drive growth and migration timing of a Pacific salmonid fish in Mediterranean‐climate streams?

Temporal dynamics of migration‐linked genetic variation are driven by streamflows and riverscape permeability

Drainage from the Critical Zone: Lithologic Controls on the Persistence and Spatial Extent of Wetted Channels during the Summer Dry Season

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