Maximum length of large diameter Czochralski silicon single crystals at fracture stress limit of seed

Czochralski Growth of Silicon Crystals

“…Even if the neck has a diameter only in the range of a few millimeters, it can hold large and heavy Cz crystals with a weight up to 300 kg [24]. Without dislocations, no creeping effect occurs, which would narrow down the neck diameter and break it.…”

450 mm Silicon: An Opportunity and Wafer Scaling

“…Dash neck strength is roughly 144 kg/3 mm-d iameter-neck. 13 In t he 450 m m case, and even the 400 mm case of SSi, the neck is not expected to be able to su stain a heavy crystal. Thus, som e breakthrough was requi red.…”

The Computer as a Materials Science Benchmark

“…(Each of the squares on the wafer in Figure 3 becomes a chip.) There are projections that a limiting wafer size will eventually be reached (13). 1 Fabricating the Si wafer into an IC illustrates more of the modern materials science toolbox (Fig.…”

“…However, calculations suggest that, if stress fracture is to be avoided, crystal diameters may ultimately be limited by the mass of the boule that the neck must support. A seed crystal 3 mm in diameter is estimated to be able to support a 144-kg silicon crystal (13 5. "Isotopically pure" diamond films containing 99.9% carbon-12 (rather than 99% carbon-12, as is found in natural diamonds) have been grown and have been found to conduct heat 50% better than natural diamonds, reflecting the reduction in isotope "defects" in the solid (61 ).…”