Maximizing the profitability of integrated Fischer-Tropsch GTL process with ammonia and urea synthesis using response surface methodology

Ziaei, Mohammad; Panahi, Mehdi; Shykholeslami, Mohammad Ali Fanaei; Rafiee, Ahmad; Khalilpour, Rajab

doi:10.1016/j.jcou.2019.08.019

Cited by 18 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Space‐filling design is a set of mathematical and statistical approach for computer experiment model construction. The main difference between the presented study and the previous work 19 is the reactions mechanism taking place in the FT reactor leading to different product distribution, process carbon efficiency, natural gas intake to the fired heater, and CO 2 emission to the air. These owe to the fact that water gas shift is negligible when cobalt‐based catalysts are used in the FT reactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The multi‐objective optimization was carried out to maximize the wax production rate and carbon efficiency. The results suggested that the presented integration could produce about 434 000 t/year urea in addition to GTL products and could also utilize 37 t/h of CO 2 for urea production 19 . The economic feasibility of a photovoltaic (PV) power plant integrated with the 5 MW electrolyzer‐base methanol production unit was survived by Belloti et al 20 using response surface methodology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In our recently published work, the integration of a cobalt‐based FT‐GTL plant with ammonia and urea process was carried out to utilize the CO 2 originated from the GTL process for urea production 19 . Hydrogen and nitrogen (the raw materials of the ammonia process) were produced via polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzer and air separation unit (ASU) of the GTL process, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A highly carbon‐efficient and techno‐economically optimized process for the renewable‐assisted synthesis of gas to liquid fuels, ammonia, and urea products

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Summary Carbon dioxide conversion into beneficial products has received very much attention in recent years to decrease industrial CO2 emissions. In this context, integration of gas to liquids (GTL) process with an iron‐based Fischer‐Tropsch (FT) reactor with ammonia and urea synthesis plants was investigated. The main motivation of the proposed integration is to reuse a released CO2 stream from the GTL process and to enhance the commercial process economy. The required hydrogen for ammonia comes from polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzers running by solar power. Latin hypercube design (LHD) approach was applied to model the profitability and carbon efficiency of the process. Optimization was conducted to maximize the carbon efficiency and profit index of the overall process using the model‐based calibration (MBC) toolbox of MATLAB. The results demonstrated that at the optimum case, the proposed integration is capable of producing 48 t/h of urea and also utilizing about 35 t/h of CO2 produced in the GTL process. The results were compared with another configuration in which a cobalt‐based FT reactor was integrated with ammonia and urea processes. The results suggest that profitability, carbon efficiency, and urea production of the process configuration with a Co‐based FT reactor is higher than the iron‐based configuration while the wax production rate of the iron‐based configuration is higher than that of the Co‐based process. Techno‐economic feasibility study of the zero CO2 emission process represents that the carbon efficiency of around 100% could be obtained.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A highly carbon‐efficient and techno‐economically optimized process for the renewable‐assisted synthesis of gas to liquid fuels, ammonia, and urea products

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“…• Applying the methodology used for the GB-France interconnector link on other interconnectors linking GB with the neighbouring countries other than France. • Applying the power to X (X: gas [32][33][34] and liquid [35][36][37][38] concept to reduce renewable curtailment and CO 2 emissions. 39,40 • Including the EVs load profile in the optimisation model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The future research directions are summarised below: Studying the impact of CO 2 tax on the GB's power system emissions. Applying the methodology used for the GB–France interconnector link on other interconnectors linking GB with the neighbouring countries other than France. Applying the power to X (X: gas 32‐34 and liquid 35‐38 ) concept to reduce renewable curtailment and CO 2 emissions 39,40 Including the EVs load profile in the optimisation model. Integrating the GB's natural gas network into the electricity model to investigate the role of power to methane and/or hydrogen in the future energy system. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A data‐driven approach to study the role of interconnectors in a future low‐carbon electricity supply system

2020

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This paper investigates the potential role of the electricity interconnectors in improving the security of supply in Great Britain (GB) in 2030. Real electricity demand and price data for GB and France in 2016 were used to understand the relationship between power exchange between the two countries and their wholesale electricity prices. A linear programming optimisation model was developed to find the economic power dispatch. Two interconnection links were considered; two-way trade interconnector with a capacity of 5.4 GW and a 12.3 GW import-only interconnector between GB and other states. The GB-France link transmits electricity from cheaper system to the more expensive one. The total electricity demand in 2030 will be 406 TWh. Gas-fired power plants w/wo CCS will provide 83 TWh of the total electricity demand, whereas nuclear power plants will produce 74 TWh. In addition, wind farms and solar PVs are expected to deliver $120 TWh electricity. CHP units will provide 88 TWh electricity in 2030. The electricity traded between GB and France in 2030 was found to be 33 TWh, which is 160% larger compared with 2016. The power import from France is about 27 TWh and occurs in 59% of the time. For 64% of the time, the interconnector with France is fully loaded. The electricity imported via the 12.3 GW interconnector in 2030 is 1 TWh and mainly occurs during winter-time when the demand in GB is high. De-rated capacity margin was calculated based on instantaneous electricity demand and varies between −2% and 139%. The impact of the price of the imported electricity via the 12.3 GW link was investigated. Increasing the price of the imported electricity via the 12.3 GW link results in a higher capacity factor for all the generation options except the 12.3 GW interconnector link. K E Y W O R D S de-rated capacity margin, interconnector, linear programming, security of supply 1 | INTRODUCTION Exchanging electricity via interconnectors allows access to affordable energy supplies and has the potential to improve security of electricity supply. Interconnectors can reduce the electricity price for consumers by importing power at times when it is cheaper in the neighbouring countries. When the national demand is low, interconnectors enable the surplus power to be exported to a wider market.

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Biogas as an energy vector

Rafiee

Khalilpour

Prest

et al. 2021

Biomass and Bioenergy

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105

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Maximizing the profitability of integrated Fischer-Tropsch GTL process with ammonia and urea synthesis using response surface methodology

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

A highly carbon‐efficient and techno‐economically optimized process for the renewable‐assisted synthesis of gas to liquid fuels, ammonia, and urea products

A highly carbon‐efficient and techno‐economically optimized process for the renewable‐assisted synthesis of gas to liquid fuels, ammonia, and urea products

A data‐driven approach to study the role of interconnectors in a future low‐carbon electricity supply system

Biogas as an energy vector

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