“…MSCs have the ability to self-renew and present a multilineage potential (Kan et al, 2005). Their plasticity makes them a promising resource for research in cellular therapy of tissue defects, and several authors have demonstrated how autologous stem cells aspirated from BM can enhance bone healing in in vitro and in vivo studies (Kan et al, 2005;Rickert et al, 2011;Watson et al, 2014;Katagiri et al, 2013;Osugi et al, 2012;Inukai et al, 2013;Kawai et al, 2015;Katagiri et al, 2016). In this regard, osteoinductive growth factors such as bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2 have been already used with osteoconductive materials to promote bone regeneration (Herford and Boyne, 2008).…”