Maxillary length at 11–14 weeks of gestation in fetuses with trisomy 21

Cicero, S.; Curcio, Patrizia; Rembouskos, G.; Sonek, Jiri; Nicolaides, Kypros H.

doi:10.1002/uog.1077

Cited by 58 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A short maxillary length has been associated with trisomy 21 [23]. Micrognathia can be detected as an isolated structural anomaly, as one of the features of a chromosomal abnormality, or a syndrome [24].…”

Section: Facial Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D/4D sonography moved prenatal diagnosis of fetal anomalies from the second to the first trimester of pregnancy

Pooh¹,

Kurjak

2011

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine

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Section: Facial Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D/4D sonography moved prenatal diagnosis of fetal anomalies from the second to the first trimester of pregnancy

Pooh¹,

Kurjak

2011

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine

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“…Fetuses with trisomy 21 were shown to have shorter maxillary length [7]. Unfortunately, this was not found to be clinically useful as the two-dimensional (2D) maxillary length measurement was not reliable (as the ramus and condylar process can often overlap increasing the measurement) and the difference between euploid and trisomy 21 fetuses is small enough to be within the axial resolution of most ultrasound systems [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontomaxillary Facial Angle Measurement at 11-14 Weeks: Assessment of Interobserver and Intraobserver Agreement in 2D and 3D Imaging

et al. 2013

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Introduction: The primary aim of this study was to assess the interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility of the first-trimester frontomaxillary facial angle (FMFA) measurement using both 2D and 3D ultrasound. Assessment of the relationship between crown-to-rump length (CRL) and FMFA measurement was also reviewed. Materials and Methods: Two experienced operators imaged the same 30 patients over a 1-month period collecting both 2D static images and 3D volumes during nuchal translucency assessment at 11-14 weeks' gestation. The operators were blinded to each other's images and results. Results: The mean 2D FMFA measurement was 88.0° and 88.4° for observer 1 and 2, respectively; while the mean 3D FMFA measurement was 87.8° and 88.0°, respectively. Intraclass correlation suggests good intraobserver and interobserver agreement with no statistically significant difference between operators in either 2D (p = 0.14) or 3D (p = 0.11) measurements. The FMFA was unchanged with increasing CRL. Discussion: Both 2D and 3D FMFA measurements have been demonstrated to be equivalent and reliable. Strict image acquisition criteria must be followed for accurate and reproducible FMFA measurements. There was no change demonstrated in FMFA measurement with increasing CRL.

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“…The midfacial hypoplasia in Down syndrome can be shown by the shorter maxillary length, absent nasal bone, and frontomaxillary facial angle, which was significantly greater in fetuses with trisomy 21 than in euploid fetuses. [18][19][20][36][37][38][39] In fetuses with trisomy 18, it was reported that the frontomaxillary facial angle was greater and the mandibulomaxillary facial angle was smaller than those in normal fetuses because of midfacial hypoplasia and micrognathia or retrognathia. Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by evidence of growth restriction, neurodevelopmental abnormalities, and a characteristic pattern of facial anomalies, such as short palpebral fissures, midfacial hypoplasia, a smooth philtrum, minor ear anomalies, and micrognathia.…”

Section: A B Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniofacial Inclination at 14 to 39 Weeks' Gestation in Normal Korean Fetuses

Lee

Choi

et al. 2012

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate a normal range for prenatal craniofacial inclination using images of fetal profiles at 14 to 39 weeks' gestation in normal Korean fetuses. Methods We conducted a cross‐sectional study of 308 normal fetuses at 14 to 39 weeks' gestation. After the exclusion of images with inadequate quality, the sagittal plane of the sonographic fetal facial profile from 250 normal fetuses was evaluated. The frontomaxillary facial, frontonasal, maxilla‐nasion‐mandibular, and mandibulomaxillary facial angles were measured and are presented according to gestational age. Results The overall mean frontomaxillary facial angle ± SD was 86.0° ± 7.6° between 14 weeks 6 days' and 39 weeks 2 days' gestation without a significant association between the frontomaxillary facial angle and gestational week. The overall mean frontonasal, maxilla‐nasion‐mandibular, and mandibulomaxillary facial angles were 125.8° ± 7.2°, 4.7° ± 3.3°, and 83.2° ± 8.5° between 14 weeks and 39 weeks 6 days. There was a significant linear correlation between gestational age and the frontonasal angle (r = −0.1534; P = .0187; y = −0.188 × gestational age + 130.7), maxilla‐nasion‐mandibular angle (r = −0.2773; P < .0001; y = −0.160 × gestational age + 9.0), and mandibulo‐maxillary facial angle (r = −0.2861; P < .0001; y = −0.432 × gestational age + 94.6). Conclusions We provide preliminary normative data for fetal facial angles related to craniofacial inclination across gestational ages in normal Korean fetuses. These data may be of help not only for the understanding of normal facial growth in utero but also for diagnosis of abnormal fetal facial dimensions.

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Maxillary length at 11–14 weeks of gestation in fetuses with trisomy 21

Abstract: Objective To determine the value of measuring maxillary length at 11-14 weeks of gestation in screening for trisomy 21. Methods

Cited by 58 publications

References 12 publications

3D/4D sonography moved prenatal diagnosis of fetal anomalies from the second to the first trimester of pregnancy

3D/4D sonography moved prenatal diagnosis of fetal anomalies from the second to the first trimester of pregnancy

Frontomaxillary Facial Angle Measurement at 11-14 Weeks: Assessment of Interobserver and Intraobserver Agreement in 2D and 3D Imaging

Craniofacial Inclination at 14 to 39 Weeks' Gestation in Normal Korean Fetuses

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