Maturation of the Locomotor Circuitry in Children With Cerebral Palsy

Cappellini, Germana; Sylos-Labini, Francesca; Dewolf, Arthur H.; Солопова, И. А.; Morelli, Daniela; Lacquaniti, Francesco; Ivanenko, Yuri P.

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2020.00998

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 208 publications

(273 reference statements)

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“…For the reasons noted above our interventional strategy as presented has been focused functionally on the necessity of realigning the sensorymotor connectivity to accommodate to normal gravitational vectors. Theoretically, to regain a normal supraspinal-spinal connectivity to earth's gravitational forces, the earlier maladaptive state that was learned postnatally to sustain equilibrium while in an abnormal state, must be re-transformed to achieve a normal translation of sensory input in a 1G environment (Smith and Gorassini, 2018;Cappellini et al, 2020).…”

Section: The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We reasoned that we could do this by maximizing the dominance of proprioception and the spinal networks that translate this sensory input and minimizing the pathology of the brain, in controlling posture and locomotion. Cappellini et al (2016Cappellini et al ( , 2020 noted how much the dysfunction of gait in children with CP can be related to spinal neuronal networks vs. supraspinal dysfunction. A more thorough knowledge about pattern generation circuitries in infancy may improve our understanding of developmental motor disorders, highlighting the necessity for regulating the functional properties of abnormally developed neuronal locomotor networks as a target for early sensorimotor rehabilitation.…”

Section: Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engaging Spinal Networks to Mitigate Supraspinal Dysfunction After CP

2021

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Although children with cerebral palsy seem to have the neural networks necessary to generate most movements, they are markedly dysfunctional, largely attributable to abnormal patterns of muscle activation, often characterized as spasticity, largely reflecting a functionally abnormal spinal-supraspinal connectivity. While it is generally assumed that the etiologies of the disruptive functions associated with cerebral palsy can be attributed primarily to supraspinal networks, we propose that the more normal connectivity that persists between peripheral proprioception-cutaneous input to the spinal networks can be used to guide the reorganization of a more normal spinal-supraspinal connectivity. The level of plasticity necessary to achieve the required reorganization within and among different neural networks can be achieved with a combination of spinal neuromodulation and specific activity-dependent mechanisms. By engaging these two concepts, we hypothesize that bidirectional reorganization of proprioception-spinal cord-brain connectivity to higher levels of functionality can be achieved without invasive surgery.

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Section: The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engaging Spinal Networks to Mitigate Supraspinal Dysfunction After CP

2021

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“…The motor dysfunction of CP is one of the most common causes of disability in infants, of which the injury of the developing brain affects multiple networks of the CNS, including corticospinal tract (60) and the physiological state of the spinal cord (61,62).…”

Section: Crawling Intervention To Promote the Locomotor Function In Early Infancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Analysis of Human Infant Crawling for Rehabilitation: A Narrative Review

Xiong

Liu

et al. 2021

Front. Neurol.

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When a child shows signs of potential motor developmental disorders, early diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) impairment is beneficial. Known as the first CNS-controlled mobility for most of infants, mobility during crawling usually has been used in clinical assessments to identify motor development disorders. The current clinical scales of motor development during crawling stage are relatively subjective. Objective and quantitative measures of infant crawling afford the possibilities to identify those infants who might benefit from early intervention, as well as the evaluation of intervention progress. Thus, increasing researchers have explored objective measurements of infant crawling in typical and atypical developing infants. However, there is a lack of comprehensive review on infant-crawling measurement and analysis toward bridging the gap between research crawling analysis and potential clinical applications. In this narrative review, we provide a practical overview of the most relevant measurements in human infant crawling, including acquisition techniques, data processing methods, features extraction, and the potential value in objective assessment of motor function in infancy; meanwhile, the possibilities to develop crawling training as early intervention to promote the locomotor function for infants with locomotor delays are also discussed.

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“…The elements observed in infancy are not discarded but instead become adapted, in parallel with changes in locomotion biomechanics (Dominici et al, 2011 ; Cappellini et al, 2020 ; Cheung et al, 2020 ; Dewolf et al, 2020 ) and with the neural maturation of central pathways. Interestingly, Sylos-Labini et al ( 2020 ) showed that the spatiotemporal organization of locomotor output observed during spontaneous movements also anticipates some features of walking development.…”

Section: The Pivotal Role Of Experience and Maturation On The Developmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Locomotor-Related Movements in Early Infancy

Dewolf

Sylos-Labini

Ivanenko

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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This mini-review focuses on the emergence of locomotor-related movements in early infancy. In particular, we consider multiples precursor behaviors of locomotion as a manifestation of the development of the neuronal networks and their link in the establishment of precocious locomotor skills. Despite the large variability of motor behavior observed in human babies, as in animals, afferent information is already processed to shape the behavior to specific situations and environments. Specifically, we argue that the closed-loop interaction between the neural output and the physical dynamics of the mechanical system should be considered to explore the complexity and flexibility of pattern generation in human and animal neonates.

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Maturation of the Locomotor Circuitry in Children With Cerebral Palsy

Cited by 23 publications

References 208 publications

Engaging Spinal Networks to Mitigate Supraspinal Dysfunction After CP

Engaging Spinal Networks to Mitigate Supraspinal Dysfunction After CP

Measurement and Analysis of Human Infant Crawling for Rehabilitation: A Narrative Review

Development of Locomotor-Related Movements in Early Infancy

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