Measurement and Analysis of Human Infant Crawling for Rehabilitation: A Narrative Review

Xiong, Qi L.; Wu, Xiao; Liu, Yuan; Zhang, Cong X.; Hou, Wei

doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.731374

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…We used pressure platform instead of force plate because force plate needs single-limb contact to measure the ground force of each limb; however, the contact points of hands and knees of crawling are too close to separate. Instead, using a pressure platform, we can calculate the force of each limb as follows 15 , 20 ) . First, we demarcated the ground contact area of the hands and knees on the platform by using an originally developed software.…”

Section: Participants and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peak vertical ground force of hand–knee crawling in human adults

et al. 2023

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[Purpose] Fall risk is immanent in humans because they are bipedal. Bipedalism has transited from quadrupedalism in both evolutional and developmental contexts. Past studies have measured the peak vertical ground force of forelimbs and hindlimbs in quadrupedalism; and revealed that load dominancy shifted from forelimbs to hindlimbs during evolution. The dominance of hindlimb peak vertical ground force allows forelimb freedom and is considered important for locomotor evolution toward bipedalism. With this consideration, we hypothesize that hindlimb peak vertical ground force is dominant in human adults when they designedly crawl in a quadrupedal manner. [Participants and Methods] Six healthy human adults crawled on their hands and knees over a pressure platform. We calculated the peak vertical ground force of their hands and knees by integrating the pressure of the contact area of each limb. [Results] The mean knee peak vertical ground force at 0.694 (per body weight) was significantly higher than that of the hand at 0.372 (per body weight). The mean hand/knee peak vertical ground force ratio was 0.536; therefore, it was −0.624 on the natural logarithmic scale. [Conclusions] Our findings on human adults are compatible with existing considerations on locomotor evolution toward bipedalism. Our findings contribute to the comprehensive understanding of human locomotion.

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Section: Participants and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peak vertical ground force of hand–knee crawling in human adults

et al. 2023

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“…V motorickom vývine sa u detí najskôr rozvíja hrubá motorika a neskôr jemná motorika. Xiong et al (2021) vo svojom výskume zistili, že lozenie po štyroch je prvou fázou, ktorá nám môže odhaliť skoré poruchy CNS, vynechanie tejto fázy výrazne ovplyvňuje rozvoj lokomočných schopností, motorickú úroveň, svalový stav, držanie tela a ohybnosť chrbtice. S výsledkami tohto výskumu súhlasíme, keďže aj naše výsledky ukazujú rozdiely vo výskyte svalovej nerovnováhy medzi CC probandami a súborom NCC probandov v prospech probandov, ktorí lozili po štyroch (CC).…”

Section: Diskusiaunclassified

Motor system funkcional disorders in children with the absence of a selected phase of motor development

Kanásová¹,

Halmová²,

Veis³

2023

Studia Kinanthropologica

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The aim of this ontribution is to find out the incidence of motor sytem functional disorders in children who have missed crawling on all fours and to compare them with children who have not missed this phase. The research sample was formed by first grade elementary school pupils (n = 38) with a decimal age (6,59 ± 0,09). 19 of the probands formed a set with the missing motor development phase of crawling on all fours ( E1) and 19 did not omit this phase (E2.) We evaluated the muscle imbalance using standardised tests. There were some significant differences recorded related to m. iliopsoas and lower fixators of spatulas in muscke imbalance tests. Other muscle tests with a tendency to shorten were not statistically significant, although we found differences in favour of crawling on all four probands. Although there were significant differences in only two of the tests, in all of the muscle shortening tests, in one of the muscle weakness tests and in two of the impaired movement patterns tests, there was a higher incidence muscle imbalance of non-crawling children (NCC) on all fours compared to crawling children on all fours (CC).Acknowledgements: The contribution is a part of the grant project: ME SRS SR KEGA 020UKF-4/2021 Health, related behavior of adolescents and prevention options for diseases of civilization.

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“…The acquisition of crawling skills is regarded as one of the most crucial developmental milestones in human motor skill development ( Chen et al, 2017 ; Xiong et al, 2021 ). Various physical abilities can be promoted by crawling movement in infancy, including eye-hand coordination, balance, and spatial concepts ( McEwan et al, 1991 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the electromyography-based pattern recognition for inter-limb coordination in human crawling motion

Li,

Chen,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Neurosci.

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Aiming to provide a feasible crawling motion analysis method for clinical application, this study introduced electromyography (EMG)-based motion intention recognition technology into the pattern recognition of inter-limb coordination during human crawling for the first time. Eight inter-limb coordination modes (ILCMs) were defined. Ten adult participants were recruited, and each participant performed hands-knees crawling at low, medium, and fast speeds in self-selected ILCMs and the eight predefined ILCMs, respectively. EMG signals for pattern recognition were collected from 30 limbs and trunk muscles, and pressure signals for crawling cycle segmentation were collected from the left palm. The pattern recognition experiments were conducted in participant-specific, multi-participant, and participant-independent ways, respectively, adopting three different classifiers, including bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network, support vector machine (SVM), and k-nearest neighbor (KNN). The experimental results show that EMG-based pattern recognition schemes could classify the eight ILCMs with high recognition rates, thereby confirming the feasibility of providing an EMG-based crawling motion analysis method for clinical doctors. Furthermore, based on the classification results of self-selected ILCMs at different speeds and the statistical results of stance duration, swing duration, and the duty factors of stance phase, the possible reasons why humans chose various ILCMs at different crawling speeds were discussed. The research results have potential application value for evaluating crawling function, understanding abnormal crawling control mechanisms, and designing rehabilitation robots.

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Measurement and Analysis of Human Infant Crawling for Rehabilitation: A Narrative Review

Cited by 7 publications

References 82 publications

Peak vertical ground force of hand–knee crawling in human adults

Peak vertical ground force of hand–knee crawling in human adults

Motor system funkcional disorders in children with the absence of a selected phase of motor development

Research on the electromyography-based pattern recognition for inter-limb coordination in human crawling motion

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