Maturation cérébrale à l’adolescence : vulnérabilité comportementale

Ernst, Monique; Korelitz, Katherine

doi:10.1016/s0013-7006(09)73469-4

Cited by 39 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 4, prefrontal cortex executive function provides balance for and control over two subcortical influences on behavior: the reward system which drives motivated behavior, and the extended amygdala, which evaluates affective valence and may signal especially information about threat to the cortex (Eldreth, Hardin, Pavletic, & Ernst, 2013; Ernst & Fudge, 2009; Ernst & Korelitz, 2009; Ernst, Pine, & Hardin, 2006; Ernst, Romeo, & Andersen, 2009; Richards, Plate, & Ernst, 2012). All three points of this triangle function differently in adolescents and adults.…”

Section: Adolescence: the Critical Period For Emergence Of Drug Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of sex differences in the development of substance use and abuse during adolescence

Kuhn

2015

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

145

109

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Substance use and abuse begins during adolescence. Male and female adolescent humans initiate use at comparable rates, but males increase use faster. In adulthood, more men than women use and abuse addictive drugs. However, some women progress more rapidly from initiation of use to entry into treatment. In animal models, adolescent males and females consume addictive drugs similarly. However, reproductively mature females acquire self-administration faster, and in some models, escalate use more. Sex/gender differences exist in neurobiologic factors mediating both reinforcement (dopamine, opioids) and aversiveness (CRF, dynorphin), as well as intrinsic factors (personality, psychiatric co-morbidities) and extrinsic factors (history of abuse, environment especially peers and family) which influence the progression from initial use to abuse., Many of these important differences emerge during adolescence, and are moderated by sexual differentiation of the brain. Estradiol effects which enhance both dopaminergic and CRF-mediated processes contribute to the female vulnerability to substance use and abuse. Testosterone enhances impulsivity and sensation seeking in both males and females. Several protective factors in females also influence initiation and progression of substance use including hormonal changes of pregnancy as well as greater capacity for self-regulation and lower peak levels of impulsivity/sensation seeking. Same sex peers represent a risk factor more for males than females during adolescence, while romantic partners increase risk for women during this developmental epoch. In summary, biologic factors, psychiatric co-morbidities as well as personality and environment present sex/gender-specific risks as adolescents begin to initiate substance use.

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Section: Adolescence: the Critical Period For Emergence Of Drug Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of sex differences in the development of substance use and abuse during adolescence

Kuhn

2015

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

145

109

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“…In this review, we examine what is known about changes in developmental trajectories with a focus on adolescent processes as described across mammalian species and between the sexes. Our framework is partially based on the triadic model, described by Ernst and colleagues (Ernst and Fudge, 2009; Ernst and Korelitz, 2009). The triadic model roots behavioral changes in three primary systems, or nodes, namely the affective system, the reward system, and cognition/response inhibition.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental trajectories during adolescence in males and females: A cross-species understanding of underlying brain changes

Brenhouse

Andersen

2011

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

308

250

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Adolescence is a transitional period between childhood and adulthood that encompasses vast changes within brain systems that parallel some, but not all, behavioral changes. Elevations in emotional reactivity and reward processing follow an inverted U shape in terms of onset and remission, with the peak occurring during adolescence. However, cognitive processing follows a more linear course of development. This review will focus on changes within key structures and will highlight the relationships between brain changes and behavior, with evidence spanning from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans to molecular studies of receptor and signaling factors in animals. Adolescent changes in neuronal substrates will be used to understand how typical and atypical behaviors arise during adolescence. We draw upon clinical and preclinical studies to provide a neural framework for defining adolescence and its role in the transition to adulthood.

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“…Despite improvements in cognitive and emotional functioning (Durand, Gallay, Seigneuric, Robichon, & Baudouin, 2007; Luna et al, 2001; Tottenham, Hare, & Casey, 2011), this developmental stage has often been characterized as a time of increased vulnerability for the emergence of psychopathology (Dahl & Gunnar, 2009; Ernst & Korelitz, 2009). One prominent theory for this vulnerability is heightened emotional reactivity during adolescence in the face of less mature cognitive control (Dahl, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of age, sex, and hormones on emotional conflict-related brain response during adolescence

Cservenka

Stroup

Etkin

et al. 2015

Brain and Cognition

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While cognitive and emotional systems both undergo development during adolescence, few studies have explored top-down inhibitory control brain activity in the context of affective processing, critical to informing adolescent psychopathology. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine brain response during an Emotional Conflict (EmC) Task across 10–15-year-old youth. During the EmC Task, participants indicated the emotion of facial expressions, while disregarding emotion-congruent and incongruent words printed across the faces. We examined the relationships of age, sex, and gonadal hormones with brain activity on Incongruent vs. Congruent trials. Age was negatively associated with middle frontal gyrus activity, controlling for performance and movement confounds. Sex differences were present in occipital and parietal cortices, and were driven by activation in females, and deactivation in males to Congruent trials. Testosterone was negatively related with frontal and striatal brain response in males, and cerebellar and precuneus response in females. Estradiol was negatively related with fronto-cerebellar, cingulate, and precuneus brain activity in males, and positively related with occipital response in females. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the effects of age, sex, and sex steroids during an emotion-cognition task in adolescents. Further research is needed to examine longitudinal development of emotion-cognition interactions and deviations in psychiatric disorders in adolescence.

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Maturation cérébrale à l’adolescence : vulnérabilité comportementale

Cited by 39 publications

References 28 publications

Emergence of sex differences in the development of substance use and abuse during adolescence

Emergence of sex differences in the development of substance use and abuse during adolescence

Developmental trajectories during adolescence in males and females: A cross-species understanding of underlying brain changes

The effects of age, sex, and hormones on emotional conflict-related brain response during adolescence

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