“…The relationships between the police and the public are a classic example of intergroup relations (see, e.g., Boivin et al, 2018;Molloy & Giles, 2002). In intergroup contexts, the way people perceive and interact with others is shaped heavily by their social or group identities and not just their own unique personal identities (Tajfel & Turner, 1986; see also, H. Giles & Walther, 2022). When a police officer stops a car and approaches the driver, the resulting conversation is based largely on the officer's identity as a police officer and the driver's identity as someone stopped by the police who is not free to leave (see, e.g., Lowrey-Kinberg, 2021).…”