Matter-Wave Tractor Beams

Gorlach, Alexey; Gorlach, Maxim A.; Lavrinenko, Andrei V.; Novitsky, Andrey

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.180401

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…2. Equation (14) implies that the displayed (r, z) section is a plane of reflection symmetry for the vortexes. Indeed, flipping the sign of the e2 component of v 1 gives −v 2 and the minus sign is irrelevant for eigenvectors and vortex analysis.…”

Section: Visualization and Discussion Of The Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing gravitational Bessel waves

et al. 2019

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We explicitly derive a vortex inspired solution for the metric perturbation within the linearized Einsteins general theory of relativity in arbitrary dimensions D ≥ 4. We focus on D = 4 where our solution is the gravitational analog of the well-known electromagnetic (or electron) Bessel vortex beams. Next we visualize the perturbed spacetime via tidal tendexes and frame-drag vortexes. We display and analyze mostly two-dimensional sections of the tendexes and the vortexes for different values of an angular momentum of the wave solution. Corresponding geodesic deviation equations are solved and the results are visualized. We show that the physically most important quadrupolelike case leads to a wave with rotating polarization. We discuss asymptotical features of the found solution. We provide also several 3D plots of tendex lines. One of them concerns a special cylindricallike case and we utilize the topological classification of singularities of the depicted line fields as an approach to characterize the radiation field.

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Section: Visualization and Discussion Of The Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing gravitational Bessel waves

et al. 2019

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“…This unique property of the field provides a means to facilitate the transport of a chosen degree of entanglement across arbitrary distances, by simply applying a phase adjustment ϕ , which is reminiscent of tractor beams 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 . To illustrate this approach, we can replace the propagation factor in Equation (1) by the factor .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we show that it is possible with paraxial light in free space. Through this SO coupling, we demonstrate entanglement beating from fully entangled (completely non-separable) to no entanglement (fully separable), and by a phase adjustment, we evince the possible transport of entanglement, which is reminiscent of tractor beams for particle transport 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 . This realization may open new avenues in quantum and classical communication as well as in improved materials processing (where vector beams and scalar polarized beams are crucial) and enhanced switchable imaging in stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Entanglement beating in free space through spin–orbit coupling

Otte¹,

et al. 2018

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It is well known that the entanglement of a quantum state is invariant under local unitary transformations. This rule dictates, for example, that the entanglement of internal degrees of freedom of a photon remains invariant during free-space propagation. Here, we outline a scenario in which this paradigm does not hold. Using local Bell states engineered from classical vector vortex beams with non-separable degrees of freedom, the so-called classically entangled states, we demonstrate that the entanglement evolves during propagation, oscillating between maximally entangled (purely vector) and product states (purely scalar). We outline the spin–orbit interaction behind these novel propagation dynamics and confirm the results experimentally, demonstrating spin–orbit coupling in paraxial beams. This demonstration highlights a hitherto unnoticed property of classical entanglement and simultaneously offers a device for the on-demand delivery of vector states to targets, for example, for dynamic laser materials processing, switchable resolution within stimulated emission depletion (STED) systems, and a tractor beam for entanglement.

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“…A more optimistic outlook for practical applications of this idea was presented in a recent theoretical study suggesting that a cylindrical object with anti-reflection coated facets can feel a pulling force for φ as low as 1 • over longitudinal distances on the order of 14 cm [220]. In this context, it is worth mentioning that pulling forces have been also observed with acoustic propagation-invariant beams [221][222][223][224] and discussed in connection with matter waves [225].…”

Section: -D Optical Pulling In Tractor Beamsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Perspective on light-induced transport of particles: from optical forces to phoretic motion

et al. 2019

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Propulsive effects of light, which often remain unnoticed in our daily-life experience, manifest themselves on spatial scales ranging from subatomic to astronomical. Light-mediated forces can indeed confine individual atoms, cooling their effective temperature very close to absolute zero, as well as contribute to cosmological phenomena such as the formation of stellar planetary systems. In this review, we focus on the transport processes that light can initiate on small spatial scales. In particular, we discuss in depth various light-induced mechanisms for the controlled transport of microscopic particles; these mechanisms rely on the direct transfer of momentum between the particles and the incident light waves, on the combination of optical forces with external forces of other nature, and on light-triggered phoretic motion. After a concise theoretical overview of the physical origins of optical forces, we describe how these forces can be harnessed to guide particles either in continuous bulk media or in the proximity of a constraining interface under various configurations of the illuminating light beams (radiative, evanescent, or plasmonics fields). Subsequently, we introduce particle transport techniques that complement optical forces with counteracting forces of non-optical nature. We finally discuss particle actuation schemes where light acts as a fine knob to trigger and/or modulate phoretic motion in spatial gradients of non-optical (e.g., electric, chemical, or temperature) fields. We conclude by outlining possible future fundamental and applied directions for research in light-induced particle transport. We believe that this comprehensive review can inspire diverse, interdisciplinary scientific communities to devise novel, unorthodox ways of assembling and manipulating materials with light.

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Matter-Wave Tractor Beams

Cited by 22 publications

References 39 publications

Visualizing gravitational Bessel waves

Visualizing gravitational Bessel waves

Entanglement beating in free space through spin–orbit coupling

Perspective on light-induced transport of particles: from optical forces to phoretic motion

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