Matter Wave Diffraction from an Inclined Transmission Grating: Searching for the Elusive<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts /><mml:none /><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi></mml:math>Trimer Efimov State

Brühl, Rüdiger; Kalinin, Anton; Kornilov, Oleg; Toennies, J. P.; Hegerfeldt, Gerhard C.; Stoll, Martin

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.063002

Cited by 82 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…That excited state, however, has not been observed so far 16 and is predicted to be an Efimov state with a size about 10 times larger than the ground state 9,25 . If it were present in our gas jet with the expansion parameters employed during the experiment, it would show up clearly in our data (see Methods).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…5 the presence of the predicted Efimov state of 4 He 3 would appear as an additional peak between 0 and 1.5 eV as this state is predicted to be about 10 times more extended than the 4 He 3 vibrational ground state 16 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only experimental technique giving access to some geometrical feature of 4 He 3 is matter wave diffraction 15 , which gives a mean size of 11 þ 4 À 5 Å (ref. 16) without providing any further information on the structure. Furthermore, the existence of the isotopic 3 He 4 He 2 trimer has recently been confirmed by means of such matter wave diffraction experiments 17 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Imaging the structure of the trimer systems 4He3 and 3He4He2

et al. 2014

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Helium shows fascinating quantum phenomena unseen in any other element. In its liquid phase, it is the only known superfluid. The smallest aggregates of helium, the dimer (He 2 ) and the trimer (He 3 ) are, in their predicted structure, unique natural quantum objects. While one might intuitively expect the structure of 4 He 3 to be an equilateral triangle, a manifold of predictions on its shape have yielded an ongoing dispute for more than 20 years. These predictions range from 4 He 3 being mainly linear to being mainly an equilateral triangle. Here we show experimental images of the wave functions of 4 He 3 and 3 He 4 He 2 obtained by Coulomb explosion imaging of mass-selected clusters. We propose that 4 He 3 is a structureless random cloud and that 3 He 4 He 2 exists as a quantum halo state.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Imaging the structure of the trimer systems 4He3 and 3He4He2

et al. 2014

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“…may thus open new avenues of research in few-body physics, chemical reaction dynamics, and cluster physics. In particular, it would be interesting to explore the possibility of controlling three-body recombination with external electromagnetic fields, which would enable the production of size-selected vdW clusters, and may allow the study of exotic few-body phenomena such as the Efimov effect [91][92][93] . Previous experimental 13 and theoretical 15,16 studies of chemical reactions between vdW molecules have been limited to high collision energies.…”

Section: Initialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and dynamics of van der Waals molecules in buffer-gas traps

Brahms

Tscherbul

Zhang

et al. 2011

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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We show that weakly bound He-containing van der Waals molecules can be produced and magnetically trapped in buffer-gas cooling experiments, and provide a general model for the formation and dynamics of these molecules. Our analysis shows that, at typical experimental parameters, thermodynamics favors the formation of van der Waals complexes composed of a helium atom bound to most open-shell atoms and molecules, and that complex formation occurs quickly enough to ensure chemical equilibrium. For molecular pairs composed of a He atom and an S-state atom, the molecular spin is stable during formation, dissociation, and collisions, and thus these molecules can be magnetically trapped. Collisional spin relaxations are too slow to affect trap lifetimes. However, 3 He-containing complexes can change spin due to adiabatic crossings between trapped and untrapped Zeeman states, mediated by the anisotropic hyperfine interaction, causing trap loss. We provide a detailed model for Ag 3 He molecules, using ab initio calculation of Ag-He interaction potentials and spin interactions, quantum scattering theory, and direct Monte Carlo simulations to describe formation and spin relaxation in this system. The calculated rate of spin-change agrees quantitatively with experimental observations, providing indirect evidence for molecular formation in buffer-gas-cooled magnetic traps.The ability to cool and trap molecules holds great promise for new discoveries in chemistry and physics [1][2][3][4] . Cooled and trapped molecules yield long interaction times, allowing for precision measurements of molecular structure and interactions, tests of fundamental physics 5,6 , and applications in quantum information science 7 . Chemistry shows fundamentally different behavior for cold molecules 8 , and can be highly controlled based on the kinetic energy, external fields 9 , and quantum states 10 of the reactants.Experiments with cold molecules have thus far involved two classes of molecules: Feshbach molecules and deeply bound ground-state molecules. Feshbach molecules are highly vibrationally excited molecules, bound near dissociation, which interact only weakly at long range, due to small dipole moments. They are created by binding pairs of ultracold atoms using laser light (photoassociation), ac magnetic fields (rf as- . By contrast, ground-state heteronuclear molecules often have substantial dipole moments and are immune to spontaneous decay and vibrational relaxation, making these molecules more promising for applications in quantum information processing 7 and quantum simulation 11 . These molecules are either cooled from high temperatures using techniques such as buffer-gas cooling or Stark deceleration, or are created via coherent deexcitation of Feshbach molecules.This article introduces a third family to the hierarchy of trappable molecules -van der Waals (vdW) complexes. VdW molecules are bound solely by long-range dispersion interactions, leading to the weakest binding energies of any groundstate molecules, on the order of a wavenum...

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“…There is actually much discussion currently whether one or both of these states should be considered Efimov states, see Refs. [6,8,10,12,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiabatic hyperspherical study of triatomic helium systems

2008

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The 4 He 3 system is studied using the adiabatic hyperspherical representation. We adopt the current state-of-the-art helium interaction potential including retardation and the nonadditive three-body term, to calculate all low-energy properties of the triatomic 4 He system. The bound state energies of the 4 He trimer are computed as well as the 4 He+ 4 He 2 elastic scattering cross sections, the three-body recombination and collision induced dissociation rates at finite temperatures. We also treat the system that consists of two 4 He and one 3 He atoms, and compute the spectrum of the isotopic trimer 4 He 2 3 He, the 3 He+ 4 He 2 elastic scattering cross sections, the rates for three-body recombination and the collision induced dissociation rate at finite temperatures.The effects of retardation and the nonadditive three-body term are investigated. Retardation is found to be significant in some cases, while the three-body term plays only a minor role for these systems.

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Matter Wave Diffraction from an Inclined Transmission Grating: Searching for the ElusiveH4eTrimer Efimov State

Cited by 82 publications

References 26 publications

Imaging the structure of the trimer systems 4He3 and 3He4He2

Imaging the structure of the trimer systems 4He3 and 3He4He2

Formation and dynamics of van der Waals molecules in buffer-gas traps

Adiabatic hyperspherical study of triatomic helium systems

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