Mating-Type Incompatibility between Commercial Strains of Lentinula edodes

An integrated study of individualism in Lentinula edodes in nature and its implication for cultivation strategy

“…on a wood log released spores for 61 days at a daily temperature of 3 to 5 m and 74 to 78 % relative humidity. Although one report claims low (0.07 to 10 %) spore germination frequency (Fox et al, 1994), in our experience spores of L. edodes germinated readily ; usually within 24 h from fresh spore prints, and germination frequencies could reach 80 to 100 % at 25 m (Nakai, 1986 ;Chiu, unpublished observation). Since L. edodes has multiallelic A and B mating type factors (Tokimoto et al, 1973 ;Fox et al, 1994 ; outbreeding is favoured.…”

“…Although one report claims low (0.07 to 10 %) spore germination frequency (Fox et al, 1994), in our experience spores of L. edodes germinated readily ; usually within 24 h from fresh spore prints, and germination frequencies could reach 80 to 100 % at 25 m (Nakai, 1986 ;Chiu, unpublished observation). Since L. edodes has multiallelic A and B mating type factors (Tokimoto et al, 1973 ;Fox et al, 1994 ; outbreeding is favoured. The distribution and small size of L. edodes genets on the fallen trunk studied here suggests that many individuals were formed by sexually compatible mating events among basidiospore germlings which recently colonized the log (Dahlberg & Stenlid, 1990 ;Ramsdale & Rayner, 1997).…”

“…Biodiversity in nature is a key element of the genetic resource for breeding programmes and, consequently, hunting for wild L. edodes has been practised for a long time (Mori, Fukai & Zennyoji, 1974 ;Ellor, 1992 ;Zhang & Lai, 1993 ;Pan et al, 1998). Cultivated strains of L. edodes collected worldwide reveal genetic heterogeneity (Tokimoto, Komatsu & Takemaru, 1973 ;Mori et al, 1974 ;Kwan et al, 1992 ;Shimomura et al, 1992 ;Chiu, Kwan & Cheng, 1993 ;Fox et al, 1994). In contrast to the homogeneity observed in cultivated strains (Chiu et al, 1996), heterogeneity has also been observed in collections of wild isolates made in China (Chiu et al, 1996Hibbett et al, 1998).…”

Themes for mushroom exploitation in the 21st century: Sustainability, waste management, and conservation.

“…This province covers 185,900 km 2 and most wild isolates differed in mating-type specificities; 50 different A-mating factors and 55 different B-mating factors were found among 32 wild isolates. In comparison, Fox et al (1994), employing a protoplasting technique, examined mating-type polymorphism among 17 worldwide cultivated strains and found 9 different A factors and 10 different B factors, supporting low genetic heterogeneity observed in most cultivars of edible mushrooms . In Japan, the 33 wild isolates collected from the field showed 41 different A factors and 48 different B factors (Tokimoto et al, 1973).…”

“…The mating-type polymorphism has traditionally been used to reveal biodiversity in a mushroom species (Casselton, 1998;Fox et al, 1994;Raper, 1966;Tokimoto et al, 1973). L. edodes usually takes 2-6 months to produce mushrooms and 1-4 weeks to colonize a 9 cm PDA plate.…”