Mating disruption of Spilonota ocellana and other apple orchard tortricids using a multispecies reservoir dispenser

Abstract

Single-orchard experiments showed a significant effect on field populations of the leafroller species complex. While promising, in light of the variability of the result, field scouting may be required to enable practitioners to estimate the density of the pests and avoid possible unexpected attacks. Additional experiments are needed to evaluate the efficacy of the product against C. pomonella.

Traps baited with pear ester and acetic acid attract both sexes of Hedya nubiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

“…The decrease of the application of insecticides and the advent of species specific management meth-ods (e.g. mating disruption against the main pests in orchards) could result in an outbreak of the secondary pest populations and damage (Porcel et al 2014). This could reach a level, where the intervention is reasonable and necessary.…”

Use of Glacial Acetic Acid to Enhance Bisexual Monitoring of Tortricid Pests With Kairomone Lures in Pome Fruits

“…Previously, moth catches of the eye-spotted bud moth, Spilonota ocellana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with acetic acid and phenylacetonitrile had been reported to be increased significantly (> 4× greater) when added to the sex pheromone lure (El-Sayed et al 2016). However, these data were obtained from an orchard treated the previous year with sex pheromone dispensers that could continue to emit pheromone the following year (Porcel et al 2014). A more recent study demonstrated that traps baited with phenylacetonitrile and acetic acid caught only 14% as many total moths as traps baited with sex pheromones in untreated orchards (Judd et al 2017b).…”

With or without pheromone habituation: possible differences between insect orders?

“…By contrast, the frequent recent use of blends of pheromones targeting multiple species contain antagonists (therefore making dispensers unattractive). This means that other mechanisms such as habituation are likely to play a dominant role for many of the new and prevailing generation of dispensers targeting multiple species . Habituation thus includes cases in which inhibitors can make blends unattractive but still provide behavioural disruption, evident as reduced activation under increasing atmospheric concentrations of pheromone plus inhibitor .…”

“…This means that other mechanisms such as habituation are likely to play a dominant role for many of the new and prevailing generation of dispensers targeting multiple species. [15][16][17] Habituation 18 thus includes cases in which inhibitors can make blends unattractive but still provide behavioural disruption, 19 evident as reduced activation under increasing atmospheric concentrations of pheromone plus inhibitor. 20 Other factors including delayed mating 21,22 may contribute to the observed reductions in populations.…”