Mathematical treatment of non-isothermal transformations

A historical overview of steel tempering parameters

“…Filetin et al have studied the use of ANNs to model the steel tempering process (Žmak and Filetin, 1998;Reti et al, 1987). Tempering resistance of steels can be characterised by the shape of tempering curves as shown in Figure 25 (Filetin et al, 1999).…”

An experimentally based thermo-kinetic hardening model for high power direct diode laser cladding

“…A load of 200 gf and a dwelling time of 15 s are used for all the measurements. The kinetic equation originally developed by Reti et al (1987) shown in Eq. (7) is coupled with the FE thermal model to calculate the change in hardness.…”

“…Li et al (1998) presented a computation model to predict the phase transformations, variation of microstructure, decomposed phases of austenite, and the change of hardness of heat treatable steels. Reti et al (1987) developed a mathematical model to predict the transformation kinetics in steel for non-isothermal processes. The model incorporated the kinetic functions, such as temperature, time, and the activation energy.…”

Hardness prediction in multi-pass direct diode laser heat treatment by on-line surface temperature monitoring

“…Kasatkin and Vinokur (1984) and Hojerslev (2001) constructed the empirical relationships to calculate the austenization starting (A C1 ) and ending (A C3 ), and the martensite starting (M S ) and final (M F ) temperatures of steels, respectively. Reti et al (1987) and Li et al (1998) presented mathematical models to predict the transformation kinetics such as phase transformations, variation in microstructures, decomposed phases of austenite, and the changes of hardness of the heat-treatable steels for non-isothermal processes. Totten (2006) described the variation in microstructures (carbides, ferrite, cementite, and tempered martensite) of steels with respect to the change of temperatures.…”