An experimentally based thermo-kinetic hardening model for high power direct diode laser cladding

Friction stir additive manufacturing for high structural performance through microstructural control in an Mg based WE43 alloy

“…Thermal conductivity of H13 tool steel and WE43 at the mean temperature was obtained by interpolating the temperature dependent values existent in the literature [50,51]. Preheat during the tool plunge has been assumed as negligible and the initial temperature is substituted as 298 K.…”

Two dimensional finite element thermal model of laser surface glazing for H13 tool steel

“…Furthermore, the critical isothermal temperature lines Ac 1 (Austenitic starts), Ac 3 (Austenitic finish) and M s (Martensitic starts) from TTT diagram of H13 tool steel has been superimposed on heating and cooling curves in Figs. 3(a) and 3(b) to predict phase formed after laser glazing process [11]. The calculated cooling rates for both powers are much greater than the critical cooling rate of martensitic transformation for H13 steel [2,12].…”

“…In order to implement LSG process effectively, thermal modeling helps to perceive the relations between thermo-metallurgical features such as temperature distributions, heating and cooling rates, phase transformations, surface properties [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Although, some FEM modelling for other laser surface treatments was carried out to predict temperature distribution and optimize laser parameters, but laser glazing for H13 tool steel remained nearly untouched [9][10][11][12][13]. One thermal model of LSG for H13 tool steel was done using point heat source of pulse CO 2 laser beam.…”

Thermo-mechanical model for simulating laser cladding induced residual stresses with single and multiple clad beads

“…Spina et al (2007) modeled a single track laser welding of on AA5083 thin sheets to obtain the resultant thermal and distortion field. Santhanakrishnan et al (2011) focused on simulating the thermal transient for input into a thermo-kinetic model to predict hardening effects of laser cladding.…”