Mathematical Problems in Engineering Landscape Ecological Security Assessment and Ecological Pattern Optimization of Inland River Basins in Arid Regions: A Case Study in Tarim River Basin

Abstract

Tarim River Basin (TRB), located at the Eurasia center, is a typical arid inland basin. It is critical to maintain the ecological security of TRB for the sustainable development of oases. With the inputs of four period land use data, the landscape ecological risk assessment model, the minimum cumulative resistance model, and network analysis were applied to analyze the landscape ecological security pattern and to optimize the landscape pattern. The results show that, during the period 1990–2020, (1) landscape ecological risks of TRB increased by 1.76%; (2) landscape ecological risks tend to agglomerate in space in each period. The clusters of high-high risk are mainly distributed in the central and eastern desert areas, while low-low risk clusters are mainly distributed in watersheds Oasis and mountains. (3) Ecological security pattern network of the basin becomes more complex and better. The optimized pattern, called Oasis Corridor Functional Area with one ring, two screens, two belts, ten corridors, and multicenter, is expected to provide reference for the ecological environment management and restoration.

Predictions of Land Use/Land Cover Change and Landscape Pattern Analysis in the Lower Reaches of the Tarim River, China

“…The predictions indicated that the TRlr landscape would suffer further from marked fragmentation and worsening degrees of patch isolation. This finding is consistent with other landscape patterns observed in the TRB [19,22,38]. Specifically, landscape pattern risks were predicted to increase between 2020 and 2030, which would be primarily manifested in the Gobi/other deserts, bare soils, and the Taitema Lake Basin located downstream, as well as the buffers and transition zones on both riverbanks.…”

“…A total of 21 ecological water conveyances were completed in the following two decades, totaling ~8.43 billion m 3 . The water conservancy head reached Taitema Lake numerous times to form a large waterbody area, and double-channel water delivery was realized on multiple occasions [19,33,34]. Long-term monitoring data indicated that the groundwater level in the TRlr within 1 km of the mainstream rose from the original 8-12 m to <4 m [26].…”

“…Li and Geng [18] used three-phase remote sensing image data of 2000, 2010, and 2020 to investigate the spatially positive correlations between the spatial aggregation effect and spatial and temporal changes in land use in the Guizhou Plateau Karst Watershed. Furthermore, Mu and Shen [19] conducted a dynamic assessment of landscape ecological risk within the TRB, revealing an optimized ecological spatial structure of arid inland rivers, which included the construction of a multicenter landscape ecological security pattern for the watershed. Moreover, Song et al [20] analyzed the evolution characteristics of landscape patterns in Wuhan wetlands using remote sensing image interpretation data spanning from 2000 to 2020 and computing their landscape pattern index.…”

Evolution Modes, Types, and Social-Ecological Drivers of Ecologically Critical Areas in the Sichuan–Yunnan Ecological Barrier in the Last 15 Years

“…LESSI evaluates the security of the landscape structure from three perspectives, namely landscape vulnerability, boundary fragmentation, and landscape type fragmentation [ 35 ], and it has been widely used in the landscape ecological security assessment [ 36 , 37 ]. LESSI is calculated using the following formula: LESSI = 1 − [(PD + ED) × 2.5V] V = α × AWMSI + β × F + γ × D where PD is the patch density in the landscape class, ED is the edge density in the landscape class, and V is the landscape fragmentation.…”