Mathematical modeling of mass transfer in supercritical fluid extraction of patchouli oil

Abstract

Patchouli oil is a high‐value essential oil used in cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries. In this work, supercritical fluid extraction of patchouli oil with various operating process parameters (pressure, temperature, flow rate, and particle size) were studied and the results were modeled using the broken and intact cell model (BICM). From the experimental studies, it was found that the extraction rate was improved at higher pressures and flow rates, where the mass transfer resistances in the liquid and solid phase were decreased; however, the increase in temperature had an inverse effect on extraction rate and mass transfer. In the case of particle size, a moderate size of 0.3 to 0.6 mm gave the optimal extraction rate. The BICM predictions showed good agreements with experimental data and gave valuable insights regarding the mass transfer mechanism of the extraction process, including mass transfer coefficients and extraction periods governed by convection and diffusion.

Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Patchouli Extracted via Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SC-CO2) Extraction

“…Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) is an herbaceous plant native to South Asian countries that belongs to the Lamiaceae family [1]. It contains essential oil of great economic value [2]. Patchouli oil is ranked in the top 18 of 300 essential oils of commercial importance in the world [2].…”

“…It contains essential oil of great economic value [2]. Patchouli oil is ranked in the top 18 of 300 essential oils of commercial importance in the world [2]. Indonesia is the world's largest producer of patchouli oil, accounting for more than 80% of the total annual production [3].…”

Green Extraction of Valuable Compounds from Rubber Seed Trees: A Path to Sustainability

“…Increasing the flow rate has the potential to boost the overall output and solubility of compounds into the solvent. A higher rate of CO 2 flow enhances the effectiveness of mass transfer, accelerating the movement of extracted compounds from the matrix of rubber seed trees into the supercritical fluid phase [76]. The deliberate incorporation of co-solvents into a process offers an additional approach for enhancing the overall production output.…”

Valorization of Tropical Biomass Waste by Supercritical Fluid Extraction Technology

“…By introducing a high solvent flow rate into the system, the mean film thickness surrounding plant particles is reduced, resulting in decreased mass transfer resistance [55]. However, a further increase in solvent flow rate reduced the residence time to deviate the system away from equilibrium, and in response, the solvent exits unsaturated as the solvent simply bypasses the plant cell matrices as a result of intraparticle diffusion resistance [56,57]. By contrast, the effects of mass transfer resistance limited the extraction of solutes into the bulk solvent at low solvent flow rate.…”