Mathematical Modeling Applied Transesterification Reaction Product of Synthesis from Animal Fats and Vegetable Oil

Abstract

The high availability and low cost of animal fat have promoted industrial interest as a partial substitute for soybean oil for transesterification reaction product of synthesis, to reduce costs and maximize profits. This study aimed to apply experimental design for biodiesel production from a mixture of soybean oil, poultry fat, beef tallow and pork lard in order to obtain predictive equations to model the transesterification reaction yield, cloud point, pour point and oxidative stability, with sodium hydroxide and sodium methoxide as the process variables. The presence of animal fat in the formulations is an interesting factor, because although it did not present good results when isolated, with low oxidative stability (lard) and high cloud and pour points (beef tallow), it showed good performance and can be used as a partial substitute for soybean oil. A alta disponibilidade e baixo preço da gordura animal está gerando interesse industrial na sua utilização em conjunto com o óleo de soja para a produção de biodiesel, diminuindo custos e maximizando o lucro. Esse trabalho objetiva a aplicação do delineamento experimental na obtenção de produtos de reação de tranesterificação B100 a partir de uma mistura de óleo de soja, gordura de ave, sebo bovino e banha suína, a fim de obter equações preditivas que podem modelar rendimento da reação de transesterificação, ponto de névoa, ponto de fluidez e estabilidade oxidativa, utilizando hidróxido de sódio e metóxido de sódio como variáveis de processo. A presença de gordura animal nas formulações representa um fator de interesse, pois apesar de não apresentar bons resultados isolados como baixa estabilidade oxidativa (gordura suína) e altos pontos de névoa e fluidez (gordura bovina), apresentam bom rendimento e podem ser utilizadas como substituinte parcial do óleo de soja, desde que em misturas. Palavras-chave: Delineamento experimental; mistura quaternária; catalisadores inorgânicos.

Activation Energy’s Deviations of the Oxidation Reaction of Biodiesel in Mixtures with Ferric Ions and Natural Antioxidant

“…12 Biodiesel, of vegetable or animal origin, has lower oxidation stability than diesel, due to the fact that it has unsaturated ester contents. 2,3 The instability of biodiesel is directly associated with the increase of the oxidation reaction rate; oxidative degradation is accelerated by exposure to air, moisture, metal ions, light, and heat. 4 Oxidation products include aldehydes, ketones, low molecular acids, and volatile organic compounds.…”

“…Currently, most of the energy consumed comes from fossil fuels, nonrenewable and polluting, so the development of technologies that allow the use of renewable sources of energy to replace diesel or gasoline is important. Biodiesel is generating great interest, looking for a sustainable development and economic viability with lower environmental impacts. − …”

Mathematical Mapping Study of Synthetic Antioxidants Behavior in Biodiesel: Application of the Self-Organized Feature Map (SOFM) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP)

“…Biodiesel is a generic denomination for fuels produced from sustainable and renewable energy sources, such as vegetable oils, animal fat, and frying residues, to be used in compression ignition engines since its properties are generally similar to those of diesel. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] However, these raw materials have chemical substances in their composition containing unsaturated bonds, which are transferred to biodiesel making the obtained product susceptible to oxidation. 9,10 Oxidation reactions occur in stages, forming products such as acids, aldehydes, ketones, and polymers, among others, that can damage the engine and modify the biodiesel physicochemical properties, such as density, flash point, iodine index and cetane, cloud and pour point, acidity index, among others.…”

Evaluation of the Oxidation Degradation Process of Biodiesel via 1H NMR Spectroscopy

“…In the world, most of the biodiesel are obtained from vegetable oils. 2 The amount of unsaturated free fatty acids in its composition is related to the raw material used, directly associated in its susceptibility to degradative oxidative processes. There is also the possibility of the formation of decomposition products as: acids, aldehydes, esters, ketones, peroxides and alcohols.…”