Materno-Fetal Transmission of Pregnancy Malaria: An Immunoparasitological Study on 202 Parturients in Maputo

Bergström, Staffan; Fernandes, António; Schwalbach, João; Pérez, Oliver; Miyar, Rolando

doi:10.1159/000292675

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This result suggests that IPT may not be effective in the prevention of congenital malaria. This finding however contrasted with results from Lagos and Maputo-Mozambique where the ratio of cord parasitemia between the IPT treated and control were 1:3 and 1:12 respectively 2125. The reason for this disparity is not clear.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

The role of prophylactic antimalarial in the reduction of placental parasitemia among pregnant women in Calabar, Nigeria

et al. 2011

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Introduction:Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is a recommendation of the World Health Organization as part of the malaria control strategy in pregnancy in areas with malaria burden.Aim:This study set out to appraise the effectiveness of this regimen in the prevention of placental parasitemia among parturients in Calabar, Nigeria.Materials and Methods:Pretested, precoded questionnaires were administered to eligible women at the antenatal clinic and later updated at the labor ward. Intermittent preventive treatment was administered under direct observation at the clinic, while packed cell volume, placental parasitemia, and other laboratory tests were measured at the labor ward.Results:The gross presence of placental malaria in the intermittent preventive treatment (IPT)-treated and the control groups was 10.6% and 11.3% respectively (P=0.76). Anemia occurred in 3.1% of the IPT-treated group compared to 11.7% among the control group (P=0.000). Only 7.9% of the IPT-treated women had moderate to severe placental parsitemia whereas as many as 53.2% of women in the control group had moderate to severe parasitemia (P=0.000).Conclusion:Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine was associated with significant reduction in the degree of placental parasitemia among women in the IPT-treated group, although it did not completely eradicate placental malaria in the treatment group.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

The role of prophylactic antimalarial in the reduction of placental parasitemia among pregnant women in Calabar, Nigeria

et al. 2011

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“…Nine of the studies, however, clearly demonstrated that congenital malaria was not an uncommon event (Redd et al 1996;Larkin and Thuma 1991;Obiajunwa et al 2005;Xi et al 2003;Fischer 1997;Ibhanesebhor 1995;Akindele et al 1993;Omanga and Kapepela 1990;Runsewe-Abiodun et al 2006). Although the remaining six studies reviewed (Egwunyenga et al 1996(Egwunyenga et al , 1997Bergstrom et al 1993;Achidi and Salimonu 1997;Akum et al 2005;Olowu et al 2000) provided data on the maternal peripheral and cord parasitemia, information on congenital malaria was either limited or unavailable.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, increasing reports from many parts of sub-Saharan Africa have consistently indicated high prevalence of umbilical cord parasitemia, ranging from 1.5 to 54.2% (Redd et al 1996;Egwunyenga et al 1997;Obiajunwa et al 2005;Mukhtar et al 2006;Zinsou et al 1987;Fischer 1997;Egwunyenga et al 1996;Bergstrom et al 1993;Achidi and Salimonu 1997;Akum et al 2005;Olowu et al 2000), and in some of these studies, there was a strong association between placental malaria and umbilical cord parasitemia. Until recently, it was unknown whether the presence of P. falciparum malaria parasites in umbilical cord blood is an indication of antenatally acquired infection or contamination with infected maternal blood at delivery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Congenital Plasmodium falciparum malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: a rarity or frequent occurrence?

Uneke

2007

Parasitol Res

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It is still debatable whether congenital Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a rarity or a frequent occurrence in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this report is to review scientific information and findings from investigations conducted in sub-Saharan Africa on the occurrence of congenital malaria to highlight the need for development of appropriate public health policy on prevention, care, treatment, and support activities. Studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa within the last two decades (1986 to 2006) that investigated congenital or transplacental malaria were identified using the Medline-Entrez Pubmed search and systematically reviewed. References from selected publications obtained from a Google search were also used to identify additional relevant literature for the review. Five of the studies reviewed indicated that congenital malaria is a rare event in sub-Saharan Africa with prevalence ranging from 0% to 0.7% although maternal malaria parasitemia rates of between 24.8 and 54.4% were obtained. Nine other studies noted that congenital malaria was not uncommon, with prevalence reaching up to 37%. These studies also noted high frequency of neonatal peripheral parasitemia ranging from 4.0 to 46.7%. Congenital malaria should be suspected and investigated in babies whose mothers are parasitemic, particularly if the babies are febrile.

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“…The enormity of the burden of fetal anemia, defined as cord hemoglobin level < 12.5.0 g/dl, is huge with reportedly very high prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. Prevalence of fetal anemia ranging from 23 – 66% have been observed in studies in Malawi [3] and Nigeria [4] with one study in Mozambique documenting up to 93% of newborns [5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of fetal anemia and cord blood malaria parasitemia among newborns of HIV-positive mothers

et al. 2013

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BackgroundMalaria and HIV infections during pregnancy can individually or jointly unleash or confound pregnancy outcomes. Two of the probable outcomes are fetal anemia and cord blood malaria parasitemia. We determined clinical and demographic factors associated with fetal anemia and cord blood malaria parasitemia in newborns of HIV-positive women from two districts in Ghana.ResultsWe enrolled 1,154 antenatal attendees (443 HIV-positive and 711 HIV-negative) of which 66% were prospectively followed up at delivery. Maternal malaria parasitemia, and anemia rates among HIV+ participants at enrolment were 20.3% and 78.7% respectively, and 12.8% and 51.6% among HIV- participants. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to study associations. Prevalence of fetal anemia (cord hemoglobin level < 12.5 g/dL) and cord parasitemia (presence of P. falciparum in cord blood at delivery) were 57.3% and 24.4% respectively. Factors found to be associated with fetal anemia were maternal malaria parasitemia and maternal anemia. Infant cord hemoglobin status at delivery was positively and significantly associated with maternal hemoglobin and gestational age whilst female gender of infant was negatively associated with cord hemoglobin status. Maternal malaria parasitemia status at recruitment and female gender of infant were positively associated with infant cord malaria parasitemia status.ConclusionsOur data show that newborns of women infected with HIV and/or malaria are at increased risk of anemia and also cord blood malaria parasitemia. Prevention of malaria infection during pregnancy may reduce the incidence of both adverse perinatal outcomes.

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Materno-Fetal Transmission of Pregnancy Malaria: An Immunoparasitological Study on 202 Parturients in Maputo

Cited by 27 publications

References 6 publications

The role of prophylactic antimalarial in the reduction of placental parasitemia among pregnant women in Calabar, Nigeria

The role of prophylactic antimalarial in the reduction of placental parasitemia among pregnant women in Calabar, Nigeria

Congenital Plasmodium falciparum malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: a rarity or frequent occurrence?

Predictors of fetal anemia and cord blood malaria parasitemia among newborns of HIV-positive mothers

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