Maternity “Blues”: Prevalence and Risk Factors

Faisal-Cury, Alexandre; Menezes, Paulo Rossi; Tedesco, Jose Júlio A; Kahalle, Soubhi; Zugaib, Marcelo

doi:10.1017/s1138741600004595

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Approximately 30% of women will experience minor symptoms of anxiety and sadness, called “baby blues”, immediately postpartum (Faisal-Cury et al, 2008; Harris et al, 1994; Kennerley and Gath, 1989); however, these symptoms typically last only one to two weeks. The much more severe symptoms of postpartum depression including erratic mood swings, anhedonia, increased anxiety, insomnia, and social withdrawal may continue for weeks, months, or even years after giving birth (Miller, 2002; Cox et al, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into the effects of antenatal stressors on the postpartum neuroimmune profile and depressive-like behaviors

Posillico

Schwarz

2016

Behavioural Brain Research

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Postpartum depression is a specific type of depression that affects approximately 10-15% of mothers (Wisner et al., 2013). While many have attributed the etiology of postpartum depression to the dramatic change in hormone levels that occurs immediately postpartum, the exact causes are not well-understood. It is well-known; however, that pregnancy induces a number of dramatic changes in the peripheral immune system that foster the development of the growing fetus. It is also well-known that changes in immune function, specifically within the brain, have been linked to several neuropsychiatric disorders including depression. Thus, we sought to determine whether pregnancy induces significant neuroimmune changes postpartum and whether stress or immune activation during pregnancy induce a unique neuroimmune profile that may be associated with depressive-like behaviors postpartum. We used late-gestation sub-chronic stress and late-gestation acute immune activation to examine the postpartum expression of depressive-like behaviors, microglial activation markers, and inflammatory cytokines within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the hippocampus (HP). The expression of many immune molecules was significantly altered in the brain postpartum, and postpartum females also showed significant anhedonia, both independently of stress. Following late-gestation immune activation, we found a unique set of changes in neuroimmune gene expression immediately postpartum. Thus, our data indicate that even in the absence of additional stressors, postpartum females exhibit significant changes in the expression of cytokines within the brain that are associated with depressive-like behavior. Additionally, different forms of antenatal stress produce varying profiles of postpartum neuroimmune gene expression and associated depressive-like behaviors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into the effects of antenatal stressors on the postpartum neuroimmune profile and depressive-like behaviors

Posillico

Schwarz

2016

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…But our study chose a score of 9 as the threshold of EPDS in order to detect PPD cases as many as possible. And we assessed PPD between five and seven days after delivery in which they may show increased distress early on (Faisal‐Cury, Menezes, Tedesco, Kahalle, & Zugaib, 2008), but whether they may develop into a major depressive disorder needs further follow‐up. A review summarized that the prevalence showed a high level during two months postpartum (70%) in developing countries but it decreased by one‐third to 38% in six months (Norhayati, Nik Hazlina, Asrenee, & Wan, 2015); therefore, it is reasonable that a high prevalence of PPD was reported in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postpartum depression and its correlates in middle‐class women in Hunan, China

Guan

Bai

Qin

et al. 2020

Asian Soc Wrk & Pol Rev

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Postpartum depression (PPD) has a negative impact on both infants and women. The middle‐class group is rapidly expanding with increased but unmet psychological needs. To determine the risk and its correlates of PPD in middle‐class women in Hunan, China. A sample of 306 middle‐class puerperae from obstetric wards of a large general hospital was enrolled in the study. Our results showed 55.6% middle‐class women were suspected PPD. Related risk factors included a history of complications, pregnancy stress, subjective support, and interaction effect between objective support and negative coping. The protective factors included objective support and an interaction effect between subjective support and negative coping. Early assessment and individualized guidance in terms of social support and coping to identify and prevent PPD in this population are required.

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“…The transition to motherhood is a potentially vulnerable time for mothers’ mental health [20,21,30,31]. Women have fears and anxieties around early motherhood and their changing role [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meeting the Needs of Mothers During the Postpartum Period: Using Co-Creation Workshops to Find Technological Solutions

Slomian

Emonts

Vigneron³

et al. 2017

JMIR Res Protoc

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BackgroundThe postnatal period is associated with many new needs for mothers.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to find technological solutions that meet the needs of mothers during the year following childbirth.MethodsTwo co-creation workshops were undertaken with parents and professionals. The aim of the first workshop was to create a list of all the criteria the proposed solution would have to address to meet the needs of mothers after childbirth. The aim of the second workshop was to create solutions in response to the criteria selected during the first workshop.ResultsParents and health professionals want solutions that include empathy (ie, to help fight against the feelings of abnormality and loneliness), that help mothers in daily life, that are personalized and adapted to different situations, that are educational, and that assures some continuity in their contact with health professionals. In practice, we found that parents and professionals think the solution should be accessible to everyone and available at all times. To address these criteria, technology experts proposed different solutions, such as a forum dedicated to the postpartum period that is supervised by professionals, a centralized website, a system of videoconferencing, an online exchange group, a “gift voucher” system, a virtual reality app, or a companion robot.ConclusionsThe human component seems to be very important during the postnatal period. Nevertheless, technology could be a great ally in helping mothers during the postpartum period. Technology can help reliably inform parents and may also give them the right tools to find supportive people. However, these technologies should be tested in clinical trials.

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Maternity “Blues”: Prevalence and Risk Factors

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

An investigation into the effects of antenatal stressors on the postpartum neuroimmune profile and depressive-like behaviors

An investigation into the effects of antenatal stressors on the postpartum neuroimmune profile and depressive-like behaviors

Postpartum depression and its correlates in middle‐class women in Hunan, China

Meeting the Needs of Mothers During the Postpartum Period: Using Co-Creation Workshops to Find Technological Solutions

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