Maternally-derived antibodies (MDAs) impair piglets’ humoral and cellular immune responses to vaccination against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)

Fablet, C.; Renson, Patricia; Eono, F.; Mahé, Sylvain; Éveno, É.; Dimna, Mireille Le; Normand, Valérie; Lebret, Arnaud; Rose, Nicolas; Bourry, Olivier

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.07.014

Cited by 25 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In order to understand the unexpectedly low vaccine viremia detected in AÀ piglets after the first vaccination, the IFNa level was assessed in serum samples collected at W0 pv during the present experiment (Experiment B) and compared with those collected at the same time during our previous study [14] (Experiment A) where the vaccine viremia was detected in most of the AÀ animals after vaccination. The results showed significantly higher levels of IFNa for piglets in Experiment B than for those in Experiment A (Fig.…”

Section: High Ifna Level Was Present At the Time Of The First Vaccinamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…PRRSV-specific NAs were quantified in serum on MARC145 cells targeting the vaccine strain, as previously described [14].…”

Section: Virus Neutralization Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PRRSV-specific IFNg-secreting cells (IFNg-SCs) were quantified as previously described [14], using 16 h PRRSV stimulation of 4 Â 10 5 PBMCs with a multiplicity of infection of 0.2 for either the vaccine strain or the Finistere strain. The number of spots per well was counted using an ImmunoSpot S5 UV Analyzer (CTL, Shaker Heights, OH, USA).…”

Section: Elispotmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among MDAs, maternally-derived neutralizing antibodies (MDNAs) can protect suckling piglets against PRRSV infection during their first weeks of life and prevent viremia in weaned piglets [12,13]. However, we recently demonstrated a negative impact of MDNAs on PRRSV vaccination in piglets vaccinated at 3 weeks of age (woa) with a PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine [14]. In this study, vaccine strain replication was impaired and both PRRSV antibody and IFNg-secreting cell production were inhibited for 4 weeks post-vaccination (pv) in piglets with high levels of MDNAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternally-derived neutralizing antibodies reduce vaccine efficacy against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection

Renson

Fablet

Andraud

et al. 2019

Vaccine

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a b s t r a c tModified live virus (MLV) vaccines are commonly used to reduce the impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) but limited efficacy is achieved in field conditions. Here, we evaluated the impact of maternally-derived neutralizing antibodies (MDNAs) on vaccine efficacy after PRRS virus (PRRSV) challenge. Piglets with low (AÀ) or high (A+) MDNA levels derived from a commercial pig herd were moved to experimental facilities to be vaccinated (V+) or not (VÀ) with a PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine at 3 weeks of age (woa). Because of unexpectedly low vaccine detection in AÀV+ piglets post-vaccination (pv), all V+ piglets received a second vaccination at 4 woa. Five weeks (W5) pv, piglets were inoculated with a PRRSV-1 field strain to evaluate vaccine protection, and were mingled 24 h later with noninoculated piglets of similar immune status to assess viral transmission. Vaccine strain was detected at W2 pv in 69% and 6% of AÀV+ and A+V+ piglets, and at W5 pv in 50% and 25% of AÀV+ and A+V+ piglets, respectively. At W5 pv, 94% of AÀV+ and 44% of A+V+ piglets seroconverted, with a significant IFNg response induction in the AÀV+ group only. After challenge, compared to the VÀ inoculated group, viremia was 100-fold lower at 10 days post-infection in AÀV+ whereas viremia was not significantly reduced in A+V+ piglets. A lower transmission rate was estimated for the AÀV+ group: 0.15 [0.07-0.29] versus 0.44 [0.18-1.76] and 0.32 [0.14-0.68] for the A+V+ and VÀ groups, respectively. Investigations about the low vaccine strain detection after the first vaccination suggested a relationship between IFNa levels and vaccine strain detection in AÀV+ piglets. We showed that MDNAs impair vaccine efficacy against PRRSV both in inoculated and contact piglets, probably by reducing vaccine replication. IFNa may also interfere with PRRSV vaccination. These new data could help improving vaccination protocols.

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Section: High Ifna Level Was Present At the Time Of The First Vaccinamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…PRRSV-specific NAs were quantified in serum on MARC145 cells targeting the vaccine strain, as previously described [14].…”

Section: Virus Neutralization Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Elispotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternally-derived neutralizing antibodies reduce vaccine efficacy against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection

Renson

Fablet

Andraud

et al. 2019

Vaccine

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“…A recent experiment showed that the PRRSv post-vaccine humoral and cellular response were considerably affected in piglets having high levels of neutralizing maternally-derived antibodies at vaccination time [14]. Conversely to piglets without any neutralizing antibodies at vaccination time and evidencing a vaccine viremia as soon as 2 weeks post-vaccination, a rapid gamma interferon response and a fast seroconversion 7 days post-vaccination, piglets with high levels of neutralizing antibodies did not show any immune response following vaccination or a weak and delayed one (after 8 weeks post-vaccination).…”

Section: Source Of Variation Of Vaccine Efficacy and Practical Conseqmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of vaccines to control pathogen spread in pig populations

Rose¹,

Andraud²

2017

Porc Health Manag

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Vaccine efficacy has often been studied from the viewpoint of individual direct clinical protection. For several vaccines, a decrease in pathogen shedding in vaccinated animals has also been documented, which suggests that transmission between individuals has the potential to be reduced. In addition, vaccination induces an immune response in the host potentially decreasing susceptibility to infection in comparison with immunologically naïve animals. As a collective result of individual vaccinations, vaccine programmes generally have a wider impact on pathogen diffusion at the population scale. Beyond the individual protection conferred by mass vaccination campaigns, the indirect protection of non-immune individuals in contact with vaccinated ones also contributes to controlling pathogen spread at the population scale; a phenomenon known as herd immunity.Pathogen spread within pig populations is strongly related to the required vaccine coverage at the population level and to pathogen characteristics in terms of diffusion (). Before setting up vaccination programmes, it is therefore necessary to have quantitative knowledge on vaccine efficacy as regards transmission reduction. These data can be obtained by carrying out experimental studies or observational protocols in real conditions. These quantitative data have mainly been estimated for major infectious diseases which have now been eradicated. A great gap in knowledge has however been identified for enzootic diseases which are daily impacting the swine sector as well as for the source of variation responsible for a decrease in vaccine efficacy as compared to assessments obtained in experimental conditions.

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