Maternal smoking modulates fatty acid profile of breast milk

Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz, Agnieszka; Martysiak‐Żurowska, Dorota; Krzykowski, Grzegorz; Zagierski, Maciej; Kamińska, Barbara

doi:10.1111/apa.12276

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Both the quantitative and qualitative profile of breast milk components are negatively modulated with early and late effects on the organism. For example maternal smoking habit, either during pregnancy and lactation, has been associated with a reduced content of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) in breast milk [ 44 , 45 ]. A recent study has shown that smoking mothers have different dietary characteristics but the maternal dietary pattern seems not to justify the differences in milk LC-PUFA content, suggesting an important role of the mammary gland in synthesizing and secreting LC-PUFA into the milk [ 45 ].…”

Section: Tobacco Smoking During Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example maternal smoking habit, either during pregnancy and lactation, has been associated with a reduced content of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) in breast milk [ 44 , 45 ]. A recent study has shown that smoking mothers have different dietary characteristics but the maternal dietary pattern seems not to justify the differences in milk LC-PUFA content, suggesting an important role of the mammary gland in synthesizing and secreting LC-PUFA into the milk [ 45 ]. Indeed, in vitro, a dose-dependent relationship between maternal smoking and the inhibition of the enzyme Δ5-desaturase, involved in the synthesis of n-3-LC-PUFA from the precursor in mammary gland cells, has been showed [ 44 ].…”

Section: Tobacco Smoking During Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short and long term health effects of parental tobacco smoking during pregnancy and lactation: a descriptive review

et al. 2015

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A great deal of attention has been focused on adverse effects of tobacco smoking on conception, pregnancy, fetal, and child health. The aim of this paper is to discuss the current evidence regarding short and long-term health effects on child health of parental smoking during pregnancy and lactation and the potential underlying mechanisms. Studies were searched on MEDLINE® and Cochrane database inserting, individually and using the Boolean ANDs and ORs, ‘pregnancy’, ‘human lactation’, ‘fetal growth’, ‘metabolic outcomes’, ‘obesity’, ‘cardiovascular outcomes’, ‘blood pressure’, ‘brain development’, ‘respiratory outcomes’, ‘maternal or paternal or parental tobacco smoking’, ‘nicotine’. Publications coming from the reference list of studies were also considered from MEDLINE. All sources were retrieved between 2015-01-03 and 2015-31-05. There is overall consistency in literature about negative effects of fetal and postnatal exposure to parental tobacco smoking on several outcomes: preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems, obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, impaired lung function, asthma and wheezing. While maternal smoking during pregnancy plays a major role on adverse postnatal outcomes, it may also cumulate negatively with smoking during lactation and with second-hand smoking exposure. Although this review was not strictly designed as a systematic review and the PRISMA Statement was not fully applied it may benefit the reader with a promptly and friendly readable update of the matter. This review strengthens the need to plan population health policies aimed to implement educational programs to hopefully minimize tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy and lactation.

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Section: Tobacco Smoking During Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tobacco Smoking During Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short and long term health effects of parental tobacco smoking during pregnancy and lactation: a descriptive review

et al. 2015

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“…The DPA levels in colostrum ranged 0.11–0.75% DPA, which was higher than in mature breast milk . Later studies showed that mature break milk DPA content was 0.14% in United States , 0.16% in Canada , 0.18% in Australia and UK , and 0.19% in Poland . For colostrum DPA levels, it was 0.35% in Italy , and ranged from 0.16 to 0.20% in Spain .…”

Section: Dpa Intake Recommendations and Intake Statusmentioning

confidence: 92%

The role of Omega‐3 docosapentaenoic acid in pregnancy and early development

Li¹,

Yin²,

Bibus

et al. 2016

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n‐3) is normally present in small quantities in marine products. Metabolically, it can directly convert to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) and retro‐convert into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3), suggesting that it may serve as a reservoir for these fatty acids in human body. Among other biological functions, DPA serves a precursor to anti‐inflammatory and pro‐resolving mediators. Further, either consumption of DPA or its blood levels are associated with positive human health outcomes, and in vitro and in vivo models have confirmed and highlighted DPA's biological role in mammals. Because the role of DHA in prenatal and postnatal development is well known, most infant formulas are now supplemented with DHA. Although human breast milk contains significant levels of DHA, importantly, its levels of DPA are comparable. Despite this, the importance of DPA in infant and maternal health is less recognized. Our review highlights that DPA intake (often along with EPA and DHA) by lactating mothers is linked to better neural development and bone health of children. Additionally, blood levels of DPA in mothers are associated with fewer allergic diseases such as asthma, rhinitis, and eczema in children and mothers. The daily dietary intake of DPA in breast‐fed infants in various populations ranges from 5.1 to 44.6 mg/kg body weight, which would translate to 357–3122 mg/d for a 70‐kg adult. The reported health effects of DPA suggest it may be beneficial to increase the intake of DPA during prenatal and early postnatal life stages. Practical applications: This paper reviewed all research articles related with DPA health benefits in human development and summarized the potential function of DPA in human during pregnancy and early development. In vitro and in vivo studies both indicated that DPA has important biological role in mammals. The fact that DPA is high in human breast milk shows the potential biological function of DPA in infant development. The authors recommend infant formula manufacturers to consider adding DPA to infant food and encourage researchers to conduct human clinical studies to further prove the biological function of DPA in human development. LC Omega‐3 fatty acids play a critical role in human nutrition and health. DPA's role as a reservoir for DHA and EPA highlights the importance in human physiology. This study demonstrates the association between blood DPA levels and both infant and maternal health, and suggests the recommendation for DPA consumption during prenatal and early postnatal life stages.

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“…LM profile in breast milk could be associated with conditions that affect neonatal health. For example, maternal smoking can negatively affect the LM profile in breast milk (Szlagatys‐Sidorkiewicz et al , ). Furthermore, mastitis results in elevated LTB 4 and decreased lipoxin and resolvin levels (Arnardottir et al , ).…”

Section: Lipid Mediators In Body Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of inflammation by lipid mediators in oral diseases

Sommakia

Baker

2016

Oral Diseases

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Lipid mediators (LM) of inflammation are a class of compounds derived from ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids that play a wide role in modulating inflammatory responses. Some LM possess pro-inflammatory properties, while others possess pro-resolving characteristics, and the class switch from pro-inflammatory to pro-resolving is crucial for tissue homeostasis. In this article, we review the major classes of LM, focusing on their biosynthesis and signaling pathways, and their role in systemic and, especially, oral health and disease. We discuss the detection of these LM in various body fluids, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic applications. We also present data showing gender-related differences in salivary LM levels in healthy controls, leading to a hypothesis on the etiology of inflammatory diseases, particularly, Sjögren’s Syndrome. We conclude by enumerating open areas of research where further investigation of LM is likely to result in therapeutic and diagnostic advances.

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Maternal smoking modulates fatty acid profile of breast milk

Abstract: Aside from its other harmful consequences, smoking modulates the fatty acid profile of human milk.

Cited by 22 publications

References 25 publications

Short and long term health effects of parental tobacco smoking during pregnancy and lactation: a descriptive review

Short and long term health effects of parental tobacco smoking during pregnancy and lactation: a descriptive review

The role of Omega‐3 docosapentaenoic acid in pregnancy and early development

Regulation of inflammation by lipid mediators in oral diseases

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