Maternal Serum Copper and Zinc Concentrations in Normal and Small-for-Date Pregnancies

Kiilholma, Pentti; Grönroos, M.; Liukko, P.; Pakarinen, Pirjo; Hyörä, H; Erkkola, Risto

doi:10.1159/000299083

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, the study sample was selected as regards geographical area for living in order to limit dietary and environmental exposure. In addition, the total blood copper concentration measured in the present study was consistent with previously published values suggestive of a healthy physiological range in the NFBC1966 participants [33]. We were unable to quantify other indicators related to Cu status such as ceruloplasmin and the Cu-dependent enzymes (erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), cytochrome C oxidase activity) which could have provided additional information on the copper metabolism.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationssupporting

confidence: 78%

The association between blood copper concentration and biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease risk – analysis of 206 individuals in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966

Palaniswamy

Piltonen

Koiranen

et al. 2019

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

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Background: Copper is an abundant trace element in humans where alterations in the circulating concentration could inform on chronic disease aetiology. To date, data are lacking to study how copper may associate with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in young and healthy population. Molecular evidence suggests an important role of copper in liver metabolism, an essential organ in maintaining cardiovascular health and inflammation, therefore supporting copper as an associated biomarker of the risk. Objective: We performed a cross-sectional analysis to examine the possible associations between blood copper levels and risk factors for CVD and pre-inflammatory process. Design: The data has been collected from a sub-sample set of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) at 31 years. Participants: The study included 206 individuals, 116 men and 90 women. To reduce environmental individual variations affecting both copper and the metabolic profile in the study sample, the participants were selected as: i) being born in Finnish Lapland and ii) living in their birth place for the last five years preceding blood sampling. Main outcome measures: Fasting blood copper concentration was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The CVD risk factors included 6 metabolic clusters (30 cardiovascular and proinflammatory factors) assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to test the linear association between blood copper and 6 metabolic clusters for CVD risk. Associations were assessed under correction for multiple testing. Results: Copper (Cu) levels were comparable in men and women, with no difference between sexes (p-value <0.60). In multiple regression models, sex adjusted, copper was associated with 9 metabolites from 4 metabolic clusters. After adjustment with BMI, copper was associated with 4 metabolites from 3 metabolic clusters: glutamine, beta-hydroxybutyrate, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). After correction for multiple testing, Cu was found positively associated with only 2 biomarkers of inflammation including AGP [p=0.04] and hs-CRP [p=0.0001]. Conclusions: Considering the strength and limitation of the study design, the present study does not support evidence for an independent role of copper on biomarkers for CVD risk. Nevertheless, we are reporting a robust association of copper with the inflammatory load that is important to consider in light with the inflammatory component of chronic health. In addition, the association of copper with metabolites may be attributable to BMI or environmental factors associated to it, and warrants further research in large population samples.

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Section: Strengths and Limitationssupporting

confidence: 78%

The association between blood copper concentration and biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease risk – analysis of 206 individuals in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966

Palaniswamy

Piltonen

Koiranen

et al. 2019

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

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“…The low zinc levels in maternal serum 3-4 days after delivery with simultaneous high milk and umbilical vein concentrations are evidently physiological. Similar low concentrations have been reported by some investigators (24)(25)(26), but recent American studies give a higher level at 36 weeks of gestation (18) and at delivery (19). Changes in serum zinc concentration during pregnancy and lactation are associated with changes in serum albumin levels (26).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Low Zinc Intake During Exclusive Breast‐Feeding Does Not Impair Growth

Salmenperä,

Perheentupa,

Näntö

et al. 1994

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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We studied zinc nutrition in exclusively breast‐fed infants whose growth deviated from the norm. Their number fell from 200 at birth to 116 at the age of 6 months and 36 at the age of 9 months. The mothers received 0, 20, or 40 mg Zn+ + as sulfate daily. Breast milk intake and concentrations of zinc in milk as well as in maternal and infant serum were measured. Individual zinc concentrations in milk showed channeling. The 20‐mg supplement had no effect on the parameters measured. In contrast, 40 mg increased the maternal serum zinc concentration by 2 months and slowed the normal decline of milk zinc concentration by 6 months. Maternal supplementation had no effect on infant serum concen‐trations; they remained lower than adult levels throughout the 1st year of life. Zinc intake was low (about one‐tenth of RDA), but it seemed to be adequate; the serum concentrations of the infants were stable after the age of 2 months. Low zinc concentrations in serum were not associated with impaired growth. On the contrary, the infants with the highest rates of growth had the lowest zinc concentrations. The infant serum zinc concentrations were channeled, but they were also influenced by the zinc intake. Reference values for breast‐fed infants are given.

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“…During pregnancy, Cu levels gradually rise from a prepregnancy level of about 120 mg/dL, in association with increased levels of circulatory estrogens and progesterone. In four separate studies, mean Cu levels at the end of the third trimester were reported in the range of 170-220 mg/dL [8][9][10][11]. Recently, Alebic-Juretic and Frkovic [12] reported that serum Cu levels in pathological pregnancies diagnosed during the first trimester were lower relative to those of normal pregnancies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%