Maternal rubella and its effect on the foetus.

Dudgeon, J. A.

doi:10.1136/adc.42.222.110

Cited by 38 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The incidence of low birthweight with normal gestational age (41 %) is similar to the over-all incidence of 50% after the 1964 U.S.A. epidemic (Dudgeon, 1967). Those children with low birthweights tended to have small statures later, confirning the findings of Lundstrom (1962) and Menser et al (1967).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

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Congenital Rubella in Schoolchildren and Adolescents

Forrest¹,

Menser²

1970

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…88% had multiple defects. In a review of 120 cases from The Hospital for Sick Children, Dudgeon (1967) found 79% with multiple defects; while of Alford's (1968) 141 cases 92% had multiple defects. Ocular defects and deafness, seen in 13 patients, was the most common double defect as in Alford's group (1968).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Congenital Rubella in Schoolchildren and Adolescents

Forrest¹,

Menser²

1970

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…The typical HI response of three children is shown in Figure 1. (Dudgeon, 1967;Forrest and Menser, 1975) Although realising that the antigens used in the HI and PHA tests were probably not the same, it was thought that the delay in the development of PHA antibody may have been due to the presence of rubella-specific IgM in the serum which, in an unknown fashion, inhibited the PHA reaction. To test this hypothesis, sera negative by PHA but positive by HI and known to contain rubellaspecific IgG and IgM were treated with 2-mercaptoethanol or centrifuged through sucrose gradients to separate the IgG and IgM components.…”

Section: Convenience Of Hi Compared With Phamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of passive haemagglutination and haemagglutination-inhibition techniques for detection of antibodies to rubella virus.

Birch¹,

Glaun²,

Hunt³

et al. 1979

J Clin Pathol

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The HI technique used in this study has been described in detail elsewhere (Gust, 1973). Briefly, the test involved the treatment of sera with either kaolin or heparin-manganous chloride to remove nonspecific inhibitors, followed by adsorption with 50% pigeon erythrocytes. Doubling dilutions of the treated sera were incubated with 6 to 8 haemagglutinating doses of rubella antigen and 0-2 % pigeon erythrocytes.PHA TEST PHA antibodies were detected using a commercially available test kit (Rubacell, Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, Illinois). Stabilised human erythrocytes, sensitised with rubella-virus soluble antigen, were reacted with untreated human sera for determination of antibody levels. The exact procedure followed was according to the manufacturer's instructions except 128 on 11 May 2018 by guest. Protected by copyright.

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“…Dudgeon et al (1964) and- Dudgeon (1967) reported that 95 % of babies with congenital rubella virus infection are born with significant levels of their own immunoglobulins (IgM) with specific neutralizing activity. Simons (1969) discussed the proposal of Dent et al (1968) that there must be a deficiency of cellular immune competence underlying the failure of the body to rid itself of infectious virus.…”

Section: Medbircljournalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chronic excretion of rubella virus for the first two to three years after intrauterine infection is now well recognized (Phillips et l., 1965;Dudgeon, 1967). However, despite recovery of virus from various tissues and excretions, isolation from blood has been reported only rarely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Viraemia in Babies Infected with Rubella Virus before Birth

Jack¹,

Grutzner²

1969

BMJ

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MEIAJOU 289that during long-term therapy the plasma digoxin ooncentration reflects the tissue concentration because of a fairly predictable plasma: tissue distribution ratio. All the patients with digoxin toxicity reported here had been previously digitalized and intoxication occurred during the process of chronic therapy as a result of the slow accumulation of digoxin. In this clinical context it is possible to cautiously plan a therapeutic approach to the problem on the basis of the results obtained.If an adult patient has been digitalized with digoxin and has been taking digoxin orally for more than three days, and presents with symptoms or signs suggestive of digoxin toxicity and the plasma potassium is not less than 3-5 mEq/l., then:(1) If the plasma digoxin concentration is less than 4 miug./ml., digoxin intoxication is very unlikely.(2) If the plasma digoxin concentration lies between 4 and 5 mng./ml., then digoxin intoxication is very likely and digoxin therapy should be temporarily stopped and restarted at a lower dose. Certainly increasing the dose of digoxin would be contraindicated. If in this situation emergency therapeutic measures were indicated, a fairly safe assumption of digox n intoxication could be made and appropriate measures instituted.(3) If the plasma digoxin concentration is greater than 5 mug./ ml., then a definite diagnosis of digoxin toxicity could be made.The nine patients whose plasma digoxin concentrations are depicted in Fig. 2 as toxic have been handled according to these criteria with impressive clinicaltimprovement.In two of the illustrative cases (Nos. 1 and 2) sequential E.C.G. tracings are shown (Figs. 3 and 4) and though in these cases there are other possible causes of increasing S-T segment sagging these changes progressed as the plasma digoxgn concentrations rose and the patients became intoxicated.The measurement of plasma digoxin concentration would seem to offer a rational approach to the diagnostic problem of digoxin intoxication and helps in distinguishing those cases in which the presenting s ptoms and signs might be due either to the intrinsic heart disease or to digorin toxicity. The alternatives to a method such as that described here are double isotope derivative dilution assays, such as that described by Lukas and Peterson (1966) for digitoxin, and radioimmunoassay -techniques as described by Butler and Chen (1967) for digoxin and by Oliver et al. (1968) for digitoxin. Double isotope derivative dilution assays take far too long to be of much use in a clinical situation, and the radioimmunoassay techniques seem to offer little advantage over the procedure described and are at present too complex to be of widespread applicability.We are grateful to the physicians of St. Mary's Hospital who allowed us to study patients undu their care, and also to the Endowment Fund of St. Mary's Hospital and Pfizer Limited for financial support.

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Maternal rubella and its effect on the foetus.

Cited by 38 publications

References 85 publications

Congenital Rubella in Schoolchildren and Adolescents

Congenital Rubella in Schoolchildren and Adolescents

Comparison of passive haemagglutination and haemagglutination-inhibition techniques for detection of antibodies to rubella virus.

Cellular Viraemia in Babies Infected with Rubella Virus before Birth

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