Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy in Cattle

Thatcher, W.W.; Bartol, Frank F.; Knickerbocker, J.J.; Curl, J. S.; Wolfenson, D.; Bazer, Fuller W.; Roberts, R. M.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(84)81636-7

Cited by 91 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The progesterone profiles of the PRID + PG group were not the same as those seen in dairy cows during the early luteal phase [29], especially as progesterone concentrations initially peaked after the PRID insertion, which would also be the case when a used progesterone device was used [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of models to induce low progesterone during the early luteal phase in cattle

et al. 2009

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Publication information Theriogenology, 72 (7): 986-992Publisher Elsevier Item record/more information http://hdl.handle.net/10197/4662 Publisher's statementThis is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Theriogenology. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Theriogenology (VOL 72, ISSUE 7, 15 AbstractTwo experiments were designed to evaluate models for generation of low circulating progesterone concentrations during early pregnancy in cattle. In experiment 1 17 crossbred heifers were assigned to either prostaglandin F2 (PG) injections on Days 3, 3.5 and 4 (PG3; n=9) or controls (n = 8).Blood samples were collected from heifers from Days 1 to 9 for progesterone assay.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of models to induce low progesterone during the early luteal phase in cattle

et al. 2009

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“…The presence of excessive lard in the VHF diet, which leads to more male births, could conceivably provide a sparing effect on metabolism of PUFA by mice in the VHF diet group, if indeed PUFA are important in controlling sex ratio, e.g. by altering the production of reproductively significant prostaglandins (PGs), such as PGE or PGF 2a (Thatcher et al 1995). To examine the effects of PUFA, we are beginning a study to determine whether diets differing in PUFA but equivalent in total fat calorie content are able to cause a change in sex ratio among pups born to NIH Swiss mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal diet composition alters serum steroid and free fatty acid concentrations and vaginal pH in mice

Whyte¹,

Alexenko²,

Davis³

et al. 2007

Journal of Endocrinology

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We examined the effects of three maternal diets (very high fat (VHF), low fat (LF), and control (Purina 5015)) on serum steroids, free fatty acids (FFA), and vaginal pH in National Institutes of Health Swiss mice. Females were fed (VHF, nZ33; LF, nZ33; 5015, nZ48) from 4 to 16 weeks of age. Following breeding, female serum was collected at 0 . 5 (pre-implantation, early diestrus) or 8 . 5 (post-implantation, mid-diestrus) days post-coitus (dpc). The serum concentrations of 17b-estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, and FFA were analyzed at both collection points, and vaginal pH at 0 . 5 dpc. Striking differences in steroids and FFA were observed at 0 . 5 dpc among the groups. Estradiol was higher in the VHF (14 . 1G3 . 0 pg/ml), compared with LF mice (5 . 2G2 . 3 pg/ml; P%0 . 05). In contrast, 0 . 5 dpc testosterone was lower in the VHF (10 . 5G3 . 0 pg/ml) versus the LF group (32 . 7G8 . 4 pg/ml; P%0 . 05). At 8 . 5 dpc, progesterone was higher in the VHF (89 . 6G6 . 7 ng/ml) versus the 5015 group (60 . 1G4 . 9 ng/ml; P%0 . 05). VHF mice had higher FFA concentrations at 0 . 5 dpc (1 . 0G0 . 2 mmol/l) than LF and control mice (0 . 5G0 . 1 and 0 . 6G0 . 1 mmol/l respectively; P%0 . 05). At 8 . 5 dpc, VHF females had higher serum FFA (0 . 8G0 . 1 mmol/l) than LF and control females (0 . 4G0 . 1 and 0 . 6G0 . 1 mmol/l; P%0 . 05). Mean vaginal pH of VHF females (6 . 41G0 . 09) was lower than 5015 females (6 . 76G 0 . 10; P%0 . 05). These diet-induced alterations in serum steroid and FFA concentrations might affect several reproductive processes, including preferential fertilization by one class of sperm over the other and sex bias in pre-and post-implantational embryonic development.

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“…The active principal in the homogenates was heat and protease-labile, and had properties consistent with a low molecular weight protein (Rowson and Moor, 1967;Martal et al, 1979;Godkin et al, 1982). Later studies showed that a single protein, termed ovine or bovine trophoblast protein-1 at the time and later IFNT, was solely responsible for maintenance of the CL during pregnancy in ruminants (Godkin et al, 1984a(Godkin et al, , 1997Thatcher et al, 1984).…”

Section: Period II Blockade Of Luteolysis In Early Pregnancyday 18-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At this time, there is still substantial controversy regarding the precise endocrine pathways involved in maintenance of the CL by IFNT with three potential pathways being most supported but by different research groups. First, the classical mechanism is that IFNT changes uterine gene expression resulting in reduced pulses of PGF and thus lack of luteolysis (Thatcher et al, 1984;Knickerbocker et al, 1986;Danet-Desnoyers et al, 1994;Spencer et al, 2007a;Dorniak et al, 2013). Second, IFNT increases uterine production of PGEs (PGE1 and PGE2) and PGE blocks the action of PGF at the CL, maintaining CL function (Ottobre et al, 1984;Silvia et al, 1984a, b;Wiltbank and Ottobre, 2003;Krishnaswamy et al, 2009;Weems et al, 2011Weems et al, , 2012Lee et al, 2012).…”

Section: Period II Blockade Of Luteolysis In Early Pregnancyday 18-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance or regression of the corpus luteum during multiple decisive periods of bovinepregnancy

Wiltbank¹,

Meidan²,

Ochoa³

et al. 2016

Anim Reprod

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In ruminants, there are specific times during the estrous cycle or pregnancy when the corpus luteum (CL) may undergo regression. This review has attempted to summarize the physiological and cellular mechanisms involved in CL regression or maintenance during four distinct periods. The first period is near day 7 when animals that are ovulating after a period of low circulating progesterone (P4), such as first pubertal ovulation or first postpartum ovulation, are at risk of having a premature increase in Prostaglandin F2α (PGF) secreted from the uterus resulting in early CL regression and a short estrous cycle. The second period is when normal luteolysis occurs at day 18-25 of the cycle or when the CL is rescued by interferon-tau secreted by the elongating embryo. The uterine mechanisms that determine the timing of this luteolysis or the prevention of luteolysis have been generally defined. Induction and activation of endometrial E2 receptors result in induction of endometrial oxytocin receptors that can now be activated by normal pulses of oxytocin. Of particular importance is the observation that the primary mechanisms are only activated through local (ipsilateral) and not a systemic route due to transfer of PGF from the uterine vein to the ovarian artery. In addition at the CL level, studies are providing definition to the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are activated in response to uterine PGF pulses or pregnancy. The third period that is discussed occurs in the second month of pregnancy (day 28-60) when undefined mechanisms result in CL maintenance of an ipsilateral CL but regression of a contralateral (opposite side from pregnancy) CL. The final period that is discussed is regression of the CL just prior to parturition. Although, cortisol from the fetus appears to be the primary initiator of luteolysis, PGF seems to be the final signal that causes regression of the CL. Thus, in all four periods, regression of the CL is likely to be caused by the direct actions of PGF that is secreted from the uterus. The uterine mechanisms that result in secretion of PGF seem to be normally inhibited during the early luteal phase, making short luteal phases not a normal event, and are altered during early pregnancy (day 18-25) resulting in prevention of luteolysis. During much of pregnancy, the mechanisms that cause PGF secretion from the uterus in response to oxytocin are intact but luteolysis does not normally occur, perhaps due to lack of efficient utero-ovarian transfer of PGF.

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Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy in Cattle

Cited by 91 publications

References 70 publications

Evaluation of models to induce low progesterone during the early luteal phase in cattle

Evaluation of models to induce low progesterone during the early luteal phase in cattle

Maternal diet composition alters serum steroid and free fatty acid concentrations and vaginal pH in mice

Maintenance or regression of the corpus luteum during multiple decisive periods of bovinepregnancy

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