Maternal outcomes in obese pregnancies

Oteng‐Ntim, Eugene; Doyle, Pat

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511782466.005

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…1 Briefly, rats were anesthetized with 2 % 5 isoflourane in O2 at 2 l per minute with pre-and post-operative analgesia (buprenorphine, 0.1 6 mg kg -1 S.C.). In juvenile rats (23 days), a small transmitter designed for the mouse (DSI 7…”

Section: Expanded Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…regnant women who are obese or whose gestational weight gain is above recommended limits are at increased risk of obstetric complications, 1 but there may also be longer term consequences for the health of the child. 2 A high maternal prepregnancy body mass index and excessive gestational weight gain have been frequently independently associated with a heightened risk of offspring metabolic dysfunction and obesity 3 and there is increasing evidence to suggest that cardiovascular function may also be compromised.…”

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Experimental Hyperleptinemia in Neonatal Rats Leads to Selective Leptin Responsiveness, Hypertension, and Altered Myocardial Function

et al. 2013

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Pregnant women who are obese or whose gestational weight gain is above recommended limits are at increased risk of obstetric complications, 1 but there may also be longer term consequences for the health of the child.2 A high maternal prepregnancy body mass index and excessive gestational weight gain have been frequently independently associated with a heightened risk of offspring metabolic dysfunction and obesity 3 and there is increasing evidence to suggest that cardiovascular function may also be compromised. 4 Studies of maternal calorie-rich diets and obesity in rodents, sheep, and nonhuman primates have provided unequivocal evidence for persistent and adverse influences on the offspring. 5 We and others have repeatedly observed cardiovascular dysfunction secondary to maternal obesity in animal models. [6][7][8] Previously, we observed that juvenile offspring of obese rats have aberrant autonomic control of blood pressure (BP) resulting in hypertension, which occurs before the development of increased adiposity and persists into adulthood, 7 and that these animals demonstrate hyperphagia and leptin resistance associated with a functional, structural, and cell-signaling deficit in leptin-sensitive processes in the arcuate nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. 9 The cardiovascular response to exogenous leptin, which is mediated through hypothalamic sympathetic efferent activity, 10,11 was, conversely, enhanced. 7 This differential response to leptin, sometimes termed selective leptin resistance, had been observed in rodents, but previously only in association with chronic obesity. 12 We also reported that the offspring of obese dams (OffOb) exhibit an exaggerated and prolonged physiological postnatal serum leptin surge, 9 known to play a critical role in the development of the normal rodent hypothalamus. 13 We hypothesized that neonatal exposure to supranormal leptin concentrations during this important window of hypothalamic plasticity may play a causal role in offspring cardiovascular Abstract-The prevalence of obesity among pregnant women is increasing. Evidence from human cohort studies and experimental animals suggests that offspring cardiovascular and metabolic function is compromised through early life exposure to maternal obesity. Previously, we reported that juvenile offspring of obese rats develop sympathetically mediated hypertension associated with neonatal hyperleptinemia. We have now addressed the hypothesis that neonatal exposure to raised leptin in the immediate postnatal period plays a causal role. Pups from lean Sprague-Dawley rats were treated either with leptin (3 mg/kg IP) or with saline twice daily from postnatal day 9 to 15 to mimic the exaggerated postnatal leptin surge observed in offspring of obese dams. Cardiovascular function was assessed by radiotelemetry at 30 days, and 2 and 12 months. In juvenile (30 days) leptin-treated rats, hearts were heavier and night-time (active period) systolic blood pressure was raised (mm Hg; mean±SEM: male leptin-treated, 132±1 v...

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Section: Expanded Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Hyperleptinemia in Neonatal Rats Leads to Selective Leptin Responsiveness, Hypertension, and Altered Myocardial Function

et al. 2013

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“…Developmental programming can be defined as responses to challenges during critical time windows that alter development with persistent effects on phenotype that may not emerge until later life . Maternal obesity is associated with multiple maternal complications, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, thromboembolic complications, infection, poor progress in labor, increased incidence of cesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage difficulties in delivery, and hypertension . In addition, F1 of obese pregnant women experience more neonatal morbidity and mortality .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of maternal obesity on fetal and postnatal baboon (Papio species) early life phenotype

Jenkins

Considine

et al. 2018

J of Medical Primatology

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Obesity in women of reproductive years is now an epidemic. As a result, there is considerable interest in developmental programming of offspring (F1) as a consequence of maternal obesity. 1 Developmental programming can be defined as responses to challenges during critical time windows that alter development with persistent effects on phenotype that may not emerge until later life. Maternal obesity is associated with multiple maternal complications, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, thromboembolic complications, infection, poor progress in labor, increased incidence of cesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage difficulties in delivery, and hypertension. 2,3 In addition, F1 of obese pregnant women experience more neonatal morbidity and mortality. 4,5 Recently, much interest has focused on the predisposition of F1 born to obese mothers to multiple chronic life course adverse health conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, and themselves becoming obese. 4,6-11 In animal models, maternal obesity has been shown to result in offspring hypertension, glucose metabolism dysregulation, and altered endocrine and reproductive function. 12 Many rodent models have been extensively studied in multiple laboratories, 13-16 but to date, only two non-human primate models of maternal obesity have been reported: the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) 17 and baboon (Papio species). 18 While data on maternal changes in pregnancy and F1 function in fetal life and postnatally have been published, 19-21 the fetal and early life growth phenotype programmed by maternal obesity have not been established. To characterize early life programming Abstract Background: Non-human primate models of developmental programming by maternal obesity (MO) are needed for translation to human programming outcomes.We present baboon offspring (F1) morphometry, blood cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from 0.9 gestation to 0-2 years.Methods: Control mothers ate chow; MO mothers ate high-fat high-energy diet prepregnancy through lactation.Results: Maternal obesity mothers weighed more than controls pre-pregnancy.Maternal obesity gestational weight gain was lower with no correlation with fetal or placenta weights. At 0.9 gestation, MO and control F1 morphometry and ACTH were similar. MO-F1 0.9 gestation male cortisol was lower, rising slower from 0-2 years vs control-F1. At birth, male MO-F1 and control-F1 weights were similar, but growth from 0-2 years was steeper in MO-F1; newborn female MO-F1 weighed more than control-F1 but growth from 0-2 years was similar. ACTH did not change in either sex. Conclusions:Maternal obesity produced sexually dimorphic fetal and postnatal growth and hormonal phenotypes. K E Y W O R D SACTH, baboon, cortisol, developmental programming, fructose, high-energy diet, high-fat diet, maternal nutrition, non-human primates

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“…Adaptation of nutritional healthy life style is important to establish and maintain a healthy pregnancy to avoid minor discomfort such as leg cramps. [9,10] Added that poor nutrition and excessive weight gain and obesity increases the risks of leg cramps .Moreover [11] indicated that adequate diet, incorporating sufficient carbohydrates, is necessary to prevent premature muscle fatigue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle Intervention for Reducing Leg Cramps among Pregnant Women

Ramadan¹,

Said²,

Zahra³

et al. 2019

AJNR

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Background: Leg cramps are a common discomfort during pregnancy account 30-50% of pregnant women. Lifestyle intervention help in reducing symptoms and discomfort associated with leg cramps. Aim: Was to study the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention for reducing leg cramps among pregnant women. Research Design: A quasi-experimental design was used. Setting: This study was conducted in Outpatient Clinic at Obstetric and Gynecological Department affiliated at Benha Teaching Hospital. Sampling: A purposive sample of 212 pregnant women having leg cramps and divided into study and control group. Tools: Three tools were used for collecting data; 1) A structured interviewing questionnaire; it includes four parts personal characteristics of studied women, past and current obstetric history, leg cramps history, and studied women's knowledge. 2) Modified Healthy Life Style Assessment Scale. 3) Visual analogue Scale. Results: showed that the mean age in the studied group and control group were 27.06±6.45 & 26.98±7.43 respectively. And secondary education is the education level of the large proportion of both study and control group 49.1% & 57.5% respectively, there was highly significant differences between two groups in all items related to their knowledge p<0.001. Also, there were significant differences between two groups in all items related to nutritional life style, rest and sleep in addition exercise, physical activity and intensity of leg cramps pain(p<0.001). Conclusion: implementation of lifestyle intervention was effective in improving pregnant women's Lifestyle, through improving their knowledge and decreasing the severity and frequency of leg cramps. Recommendation: The nurses should provide all pregnant women at antenatal clinics with a self-care guideline about lifestyle intervention for reducing leg cramps during pregnancy to improve their awareness.

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Maternal outcomes in obese pregnancies

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

Experimental Hyperleptinemia in Neonatal Rats Leads to Selective Leptin Responsiveness, Hypertension, and Altered Myocardial Function

Experimental Hyperleptinemia in Neonatal Rats Leads to Selective Leptin Responsiveness, Hypertension, and Altered Myocardial Function

Effect of maternal obesity on fetal and postnatal baboon (Papio species) early life phenotype

Lifestyle Intervention for Reducing Leg Cramps among Pregnant Women

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