Maternal-infant vitamin D relationships during breast-feeding

Rothberg, A. D.; Pettifor, John M.; Cohen, D.; Sonnendecker, E. W. W.; Ross, F. Patrick

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(82)80689-6

Cited by 90 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However a study of British preschool children showed that blood vitamin D status was at its lowest in the winter months, and at this time dietary vitamin D had a greater impact on vitamin D status (Davies et al, 1999). Lactating mothers could take vitamin D supplements to increase its availability in their milk (Rothberg et al, 1982). However, in this study only a minority took vitamin supplements of any type (35%) and very few took them on a regular basis (5%).…”

Section: Infant Food and Nutrient Intake S Noble And P Emmettmentioning

confidence: 78%

Food and nutrient intake in a cohort of 8-month-old infants in the south-west of England in 1993

Noble

Emmett

2001

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To investigate food and nutrient intakes in 8-month-old infants. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ALSPAC), south-west England. Subjects: A total of 1131 singleton Caucasian infants (82% of those invited) from a 10% random sample of ALSPAC, known as Children in Focus (CIF). Methods: Diet was assessed using a structured 3-day unweighed dietary record. Food and nutrient intakes were compared with intakes from the 6 ± 9 month age group of a British infant feeding survey, which formed part of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS). Nutrient intakes were compared with dietary reference values (DRV). Results: Intakes of energy and most nutrients were very similar between CIF and NDNS. The main difference was in the type of fat eaten resulting in a higher polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio in CIF (0.34) compared with NDNS (0.21). Other differences included the much lower calcium and iodine intakes in CIF compared with the NDNS. Differences in the proportion of consumers of formula and cow's milk accounted for most of the nutrient differences. Energy intakes were similar to the estimated average requirements (EAR), however, breastfed infants were slightly below and non-breastfed were slightly above the EAR. Mean intakes of zinc and vitamin D were below the Reference Nutrient Intakes. Conclusions: The diets of 8-month-old infants in this study were adequate in most nutrients. Breastfed infants had slightly lower energy intakes than non-breastfed infants. Sponsorship: Cow and GateaNutricia, MRC, Wellcome Trust, Department of the Environment, MAFF.

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Section: Infant Food and Nutrient Intake S Noble And P Emmettmentioning

confidence: 78%

Food and nutrient intake in a cohort of 8-month-old infants in the south-west of England in 1993

Noble

Emmett

2001

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…Observational cohort studies (145,731,862,893) and randomized interventional trials (13,14,60,402,453,672,780,788,789,965) have not shown any effect of higher 25OHD concentrations or vitamin D supplementation to alter maternal mineral or skeletal homeostasis in otherwise healthy, lactating women across a broad range of vitamin D intakes and 25OHD levels. Vitamin D supplementation raises maternal 25OHD levels with a similar dose-response effect as in nonpregnant or nonlactating women.…”

Section: Human Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vitamin D supplementation raises maternal 25OHD levels with a similar dose-response effect as in nonpregnant or nonlactating women. Many of the randomized trials measured only the achieved 25OHD level as the outcome of interest (13,60,402,780,788,965).…”

Section: Human Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although milk vitamin D and 25OHD content are low, there is a correlation between milk 25OHD and neonatal 25OHD after the first month of lactation, indicating that despite its low content of vitamin D, breast milk is an important determinant of neonatal vitamin D stores (145,540,780). The estimated half-life of 25OHD in infants is 2-3 wk (717), similar to values in adults (59,62,189,344,449), which means that a higher cord blood 25OHD will only influence neonatal levels over about the first 6 wk.…”

Section: Human Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal Mineral and Bone Metabolism During Pregnancy, Lactation, and Post-Weaning Recovery

Kovacs

2016

Physiological Reviews

338

524

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During pregnancy and lactation, female physiology adapts to meet the added nutritional demands of fetuses and neonates. An average full-term fetus contains ϳ30 g calcium, 20 g phosphorus, and 0.8 g magnesium. About 80% of mineral is accreted during the third trimester; calcium transfers at 300-350 mg/day during the final 6 wk. The neonate requires 200 mg calcium daily from milk during the first 6 mo, and 120 mg calcium from milk during the second 6 mo (additional calcium comes from solid foods). Calcium transfers can be more than double and triple these values, respectively, in women who nurse twins and triplets. About 25% of dietary calcium is normally absorbed in healthy adults. Average maternal calcium intakes in American and Canadian women are insufficient to meet the fetal and neonatal calcium requirements if normal efficiency of intestinal calcium absorption is relied upon. However, several adaptations are invoked to meet the fetal and neonatal demands for mineral without requiring increased intakes by the mother. During pregnancy the efficiency of intestinal calcium absorption doubles, whereas during lactation the maternal skeleton is resorbed to provide calcium for milk. This review addresses our current knowledge regarding maternal adaptations in mineral and skeletal homeostasis that occur during pregnancy, lactation, and post-weaning recovery. Also considered are the impacts that these adaptations have on biochemical and hormonal parameters of mineral homeostasis, the consequences for long-term skeletal health, and the presentation and management of disorders of mineral and bone metabolism.

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“…Breastfeeding was also noted as a factor in other studies. 3,6,7,15 Although paediatricians encourage breast feeding and discourage formula feeding, we must also emphasize the importance of weaning food from the age of 4 to 6 months. A significantly higher prevalence of NR was associated with the late introduction of cereals to the infant's diet in our study and in another study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%