Maternal Employment and Overweight Children

Anderson, Patricia M.; Butcher, Kristin F.; Levine, Phillip B.

doi:10.3386/w8770

Cited by 81 publications

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“…Our results regarding the higher probability of overweight in children of full-time employed mothers correspond with results in a large American cohort, where a child is more likely to be overweight if the mother worked more hours per week. 5 It has been reported that children of higher status mothers are at particularly high risk for overweight, and an increase in mothers' working hours over the past three decades could explain the increasing prevalence of overweight among children. 21,25 In our cohort, at the age of 3 years, the mother's job, limited playtime outdoors (1 h or less), snacking irregularity, an overweight father and mother, and overweight at birth were found to be the main factors that influenced children's obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 The findings on the associations between maternal employment and children's nutrition patterns are inconsistent. Some studies have reported a causal association between mother's employment and child obesity in Canadian 4 and American children 5 Meals were less frequent when mothers were employed in a Spanish study. 6 There was a higher incidence of child obesity among full-time employed Japanese mothers compared with non-employed mothers, 7 Other studies do not find any relationship between employment and non-employment 8,9 or report mixed 10 or no association between variation of dietary variables and maternal employment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…11 Takahashi et al 12 found a positive relationship between mothers' employment and children's probability of being overweight. Similarly, Anderson et al 13 reported an association between children being overweight and long working hours for mothers. The mother's ability to supervise the child's nutrition intake and energy expenditure could be one of the explanations of this relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Mother employment status and nutritional patterns in Japanese junior high schoolchildren

Gaina¹,

Sekine

Chandola³

et al. 2009

Int J Obes

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Aims: To investigate associations between mothers' employment (full, part time and no employment) and nutrition habits (regularity of breakfast, snack, dinner, meal speed and portion size) in a sample of Japanese junior high schoolchildren, 12-13 years of age. Methods: A total of 10 453 children aged 12-13 years from the Toyama birth cohort study (fourth phase) participated, of whom 8906 children (89% response rate) responded to all questions related to the examined variables. Nutrition habits consisted of breakfast, snack, dinner, meal speed and meal portion. Children's obesity/overweight was measured by body mass index (BMI). Results: Fathers' employment had no effect on their children's nutrition patterns. Children of full-time employed mothers were the most likely to snack and to skip dinner. Children of part-time employed mothers ate larger meal portions, and those of nonemployed mothers reported faster meal speeds. BMI was significantly (Po0.001) higher among children of full-time employed mothers (19.3), and lowest among non-employed mothers (19.00). Children of full-time employed mothers are more likely to be overweight, but not obese compared with other children. Conclusion: There was a strong relationship between mother's employment and nutrition patterns in this cohort of Japanese schoolchildren; special programs focused on children's nutrition patterns should take into account the mothers' employment status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mother employment status and nutritional patterns in Japanese junior high schoolchildren

Gaina¹,

Sekine

Chandola³

et al. 2009

Int J Obes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The ongoing research interest in the association between working mothers and forms of malnutrition (i.e. both undernutrition and obesity) in children (48)(49)(50) is one example of such treatment. This approach to diet that reduces it to the primary causal factor for nutritional disease contrasts with a 'social' approach that recognises the narratives behind diets and constructs them as an outcome of a complex set of processes, leading to potentially more effective interventions.…”

Section: Interpreting the Socialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-imagining the ‘social’ in the nutrition sciences

Schubert

Gallegos

Foley

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: In response to The New Nutrition Science Project's Giessen Declaration, we provide here a case for a more fully described and integrated 'social' dimension within the nutrition sciences. Design: This paper explores what we mean when we argue for socially engaged nutrition sciences (SENS), and describes the disciplinary fields, epistemologies and methodologies that contribute to SENS' potential rich diversity and value. Additionally, the current positioning of 'social nutrition' research within the nutrition sciences is critiqued. Results: There is fairly broad acceptance of the 'social' as an important contributor to successful public health nutrition situation analyses, intervention planning and implementation. However, we assert that the 'social' is not merely a contributor, the usual position, but is central. Implications for policy and practice that could follow from this shift in approach are outlined. Conclusions: We call for researchers, educators, policy makers and practitioners alike to re-imagine the role and purpose of social science enquiry that could enable the delivery of more socially engaged nutrition sciences.

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“…In such a situation, excluded instruments can sometimes improve model estimates of observational data. Two variables that recent research has shown to be associated with NSLP participation (29)(30)(31)(32)(33) the percentage of free and reduced-price lunches served and female labour force participation -for which relevant historic data were available were tested as excluded instruments, although both were insufficiently empirically correlated with historic NSLP participation to be used as instruments. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the historic long-term population health impact of the US National School Lunch Program

Peterson

2013

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The present research aimed to compare historic participation in the US National School Lunch Program (NSLP) during childhood and subsequent prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults at the population level. Design: Regression models examined cross-sectional, state-and age-based panel data constructed from multiple sources, including the Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System, US Congressional Record, US Census and the US Department of Agriculture. Models controlled for cohorts' racial/ethnic composition and state poverty rates. Subjects: Adult-age cohorts (18-34, 35-49, 50-64 and 18-64 years) by US state over a 25-year period (1984-2008). Setting: The cohorts' prevalence of overweight and obesity was compared with the cohorts' estimated NSLP participation during schooling (1925-2007 the NSLP began in 1946). Results: Among adults aged 18-64 years, a one percentage-point increase in estimated NSLP participation during schooling between 1925 and 2007 was significantly associated with a 0?29 percentage-point increase in the cohort's later prevalence of overweight and obesity. Analysis of narrower age cohorts and different schooling periods produced mixed results. Conclusions: The NSLP might have influenced population health historically. Longitudinal analysis of individuals from studies now underway will likely facilitate more robust conclusions about the NSLP's long-term health impact based on more recent experiences. Keywords Food policy Food assistance School nutrition ObesitySince 1946, the US National School Lunch Program (NSLP) has provided federal funding to states for school lunches and specified the general nutrition content of those lunches (1) . At least 94 % of schools now participate and over 200 billion NSLP lunches have been served (2,3) . Any child at a participating school can purchase an NSLP lunch, although the programme also plays a critical role in delivering food assistance to low-income children by providing means-tested reduced-and no-cost lunches. Unfortunately, US Department of Agriculture (USDA) assessments have indicated persistently high average sodium, fat, saturated fat and energy content in NSLP lunches (4)(5)(6) . In 2004-5, a nationwide assessment commissioned by the USDA estimated that just 4-7 % of schools complied with all NSLP nutrition standards (6) . In 2009-10, a subsequent assessment indicated overall nutrition improvements; however, under half of elementary schools and less than one-quarter of secondary schools at the time of the evaluation were serving lunches that would meet new energy ceilings (implemented in 2012) (7) .Such evidence has motivated extensive research into a link between school-based child nutrition programmes and child overweight and obesity, which has yielded mixed conclusions (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) . Notably, two recent studies (using the same data set, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study) applied advanced econometric techniques to longitudinal, individual-level observational data and both concluded that school l...

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Maternal Employment and Overweight Children

Cited by 81 publications

References 0 publications

Mother employment status and nutritional patterns in Japanese junior high schoolchildren

Mother employment status and nutritional patterns in Japanese junior high schoolchildren

Re-imagining the ‘social’ in the nutrition sciences

Investigating the historic long-term population health impact of the US National School Lunch Program

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