Maternal Education and Low Birth Weight in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Godah, Mohammad W.; Beydoun, Zahraa; Abdul-Khalek, Rima A; Safieddine, Batoul; Khamis, Assem M.; Abdulrahim, Sawsan

doi:10.1007/s10995-021-03133-3

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In contrast, women who completed primary and secondary education were less likely to give birth to LBW babies. This nding is consistent with a systematic review of studies in low and middle-income countries which has shown that LBW births are less prevalent among mothers with higher education levels compared to mothers with lower education levels [41]. The low risk of LBW births among women with some form of education reported in this study was expected because educated mothers are more likely to utilize ANC services than those without formal education [42].…”

Section: Socio-demographic Factors Associated With Low Birth Weightsupporting

confidence: 92%

Maternal socio-demographic, medical and nutritional predictors of low birth weight neonates delivered in a civil unrest setting: A case study of Bosaso general hospital, North Eastern Somalia

Buzigi

Mohammed

2023

Preprint

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Background Low birth weight (LBW) defined as a newborn weighing less than 2.5 kilograms (kg) is a leading predictor of morbidity and mortality in either childhood or adulthood. The prevalence and predictors of LBW in Somalia are scarce. This study determined the maternal socio-demographic, medical, and nutritional predictors of delivering LBW neonates in Bosaso Hospital, Somalia. Methods This cross-sectional study of 1074 randomly selected mothers who delivered babies in Bosaso general Hospital from November 2022 to April 2023. A neonate was considered to be LBW if it weighed less than 2.5kg. Data for predictor variables were collected from mothers or by reviewing antenatal and postnatal registers. The association between predictor variables and LBW was tested by multivariate logistic regression analysis using STATA 15 by reporting an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A statistical test was considered significant at p < 0.05. Results The prevalence of LBW was 18%. Mothers with the following social demographic characteristics were likely to deliver LBW neonates: teenagers, AOR 1.3 (95%CI:1.2–1.5); residing in internally displaced persons (IDP) camp, AOR 1.2(95% C1:1-1.9); no formal education, AOR 1.4(95%CI:1.2–1.5); unemployed, AOR 1.2(95%CI:1.1–1.3); divorced, AOR 1.3 (95% CI:1.1–1.4); and widowed, AOR 1.3 (95%CI:1.2–1.5). Women with the following medical factors were likely to deliver LBW neonates: having less than 8 ANC visits, AOR 1.2 (95%CI:1.1–1.5); primigravida, AOR1.2 (95%CI:1.1–1.6), history of delivering a LBW, AOR 1.2 (95% CI:1.1–1.4); history of preterm birth, AOR 1.6(1.3–1.8); birth interval less than 3 years, AOR 1.2(95% CI: 1.3–1.4); malaria during pregnancy, AOR 1.3(95%CI:1.1–1.6). Women with the following medical factors were less likely to deliver LBW neonates: Having the 1st ANC visit in the 1st trimester, AOR 0.6(0.3–0.7); using an insecticide-treated mosquito net, AOR 0.5(95%CI: 0.2–0.6); swallowed sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine under directly observed treatment (DOT), AOR 0.6 (95% CI: 0.2–0.8), and DOT with deworming tablets, AOR 0.6(95%CI:0.2–0.7). Mothers with the following nutritional characteristics were likely to deliver LBW neonates: maternal height < 150cm, AOR 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1–1.3); anemia at full term, AOR 1.4(95%CI: 1.3–1.7); mid-upper arm circumference < 23 cm, AOR 2.1(95% CI: 1.2–2.3). Mothers who received iron-folic acid supplementation, AOR 0.4(95%CI: 0.2–0.7), had a lower risk of delivering LBW neonates. Conclusion In Bosaso general hospital, delivering a LBW neonate was likely to be among pregnant mothers who: were teenagers, stunted, residing in IDP camps, unemployed, divorced or widowed, primigravida, had attended < 8 ANC visits, no formal education, with a history of preterm birth or LBW, birth interval < 3years, malaria during pregnancy, were anemia and wasted at term.

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Section: Socio-demographic Factors Associated With Low Birth Weightsupporting

confidence: 92%

Maternal socio-demographic, medical and nutritional predictors of low birth weight neonates delivered in a civil unrest setting: A case study of Bosaso general hospital, North Eastern Somalia

Buzigi

Mohammed

2023

Preprint

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“…Mothers with primary schooling were 1.82 times more likely to have an LBW baby compared with those with a secondary or higher education, which is similar to the findings of 3 studies in other countries that the illiteracy of mothers is a risk factor for LBW [17,37,38]. This finding might be explained by the fact that highly educated mothers might have access to books and more education programs that help to better living conditions, knowledge of health processes such as antenatal care and nutrition, and access to quality healthcare services, all of which positively impact pregnant outcomes [9,25,26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Factors associated with Low birth weight in Cambodia: A secondary analysis of Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey, 2021-2022

Um,

Sok,

Leng

2024

Preprint

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Low birth weight (LBW) is a serious global health concern, including in Cambodia. It is associated with a higher risk of neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality and morbidity. We examined the prevalence of LBW across provinces and factors associated with LBW among newborns in Cambodia. We analyzed the most recent children’s data from the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) 2021-2022. There were 4,565 weighted newborns included in this study. The provincial variation in the prevalence of LBW was done using ArcGIS. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess factors independently associated with LBW. The prevalence of LBW was 5.9% (95% CI: 5.2–6.8), which was highest in Ratanak Kiri (13.9%), Kratie (12.8%), Pailin (12.7%), and Svay Rieng (10.2%). Factors were independently associated with LBW, including mothers with primary education (AOR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.09–3.04), unemployed (AOR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.03–2.55), being a first-born child (AOR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.24–2.45), born to mothers in rural areas (AOR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.00–2.01). However, mothers who attended at least 4 ANC visits had lower odds of LBW (AOR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.47–0.91). The prevalence of LBW among newborns in Cambodia is lower than in Southsea Asia and worldwide. However, provincial variations in the prevalence of LBW were high in remote areas. Public Health programs should target provinces where LBW prevalence remains high. Cambodia policy continues to recommend four or more ANC visits to pregnant women, particularly those who have limited education and live in rural areas.

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“…Moreover, studies paid less attention to the influence of paternal factors. Higher maternal and paternal education is associated with a lower risk of LBW ( Shapiro et al, 2017 ; Godah et al, 2021 ; Guarnizo-Herreno et al, 2021 ; Shen et al, 2021 ). However, some studies did not find any association ( Vahdaninia et al, 2008 ; Amegah et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational attainment and offspring birth weight: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Liu

Chen²,

Ni³

et al. 2022

Front. Genet.

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Background: The association between educational attainment (EA) and offspring birth weight (BW) has been reported by several traditional epidemiological studies. However, evidence for this association tends to be mixed and confounded. This study aimed to investigate the causal association between EA of parents and offspring BW.Methods: Here, we carried out a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine the causal association between EA of males (n = 131,695) and females (n = 162,028) and offspring BW using genetic instruments. Summary statistics of EA associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were extracted from a GWAS incorporating 293,723 individuals of European descent performed by the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium (SSGAC), and the effects of these SNPs on offspring BW were estimated using a GWAS meta-analysis of 86,577 participants of European descent from 25 studies. Univariable MR analyses were conducted using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method and four other methods. Further sensitivity analyses were carried out to test the viability of the results. Multivariable MR was used to examine the confounders between the exposure and outcome.Results: The result shows evidence that the offspring BW is positively causally affected by female EA. Each one standard deviation (SD) increase in female EA was associated with 0.24 SD higher of offspring BW (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10 to 0.37, p < 0.001 for the IVW method). Similarly, change in offspring BW was 0.21 SD (95% CI: 0.07 to 0.34, p = 2.82 × 10–3) per one SD higher in male EA. No causal effect of BW on EA was found by any of the five methods. The causal association between female EA and offspring BW maintained after adjusting for alcoholic drinks per week and BMI. The effect of male EA on offspring BW was attenuated when we adjusted for BMI and alcoholic drinks per week using multivariable MR analysis.Conclusion: Our study indicated that female EA is positively causally associated with offspring BW. The association between male EA and offspring BW may be confounded by alcoholic drinks per week and BMI.

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Maternal Education and Low Birth Weight in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Maternal socio-demographic, medical and nutritional predictors of low birth weight neonates delivered in a civil unrest setting: A case study of Bosaso general hospital, North Eastern Somalia

Maternal socio-demographic, medical and nutritional predictors of low birth weight neonates delivered in a civil unrest setting: A case study of Bosaso general hospital, North Eastern Somalia

Factors associated with Low birth weight in Cambodia: A secondary analysis of Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey, 2021-2022

Educational attainment and offspring birth weight: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

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