Maternal dyslipidaemic diet induces sex-specific alterations in intestinal function and lipid metabolism in rat offspring

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of a maternal dyslipidaemic (DLP) diet on lipid metabolism, microbial counts in faeces and hepatic and intestinal morphology in rat offspring with respect to sex during different phases of life. Wistar rats (dams) were fed a control (CTL) or DLP during gestation and lactation. After weaning, CTL and DLP offspring were fed a standard diet. The effects of a maternal DLP on body composition, biochemical parameters, faecal microbiota and intestinal and hepatic histomorphometric characteristics in rat offspring were evaluated at 30 and 90 d of age. The DLP diet during gestation and lactation caused lower birth weight and a greater weight gain percentage at the end of the 90-d period in both male and female offspring. Female pups from DLP dams had higher liver fat levels compared with CTL (P≤0·001) at 90 d of age. Males from DLP dams had greater visceral fat weight and lower Lactobacillus spp. faecal counts at 90 d of age (P≤0·001) as well as lower faecal fat excretion (P≤0·05) and Bacteroides spp. faecal counts (P≤0·001) at 30 d of age when compared with pups from CTL dams. However, both dams and DLP pups showed damage to intestinal villi. A maternal DLP alters intestinal function and lipid metabolism in a sex-specific manner and is a potential predisposing factor for health complications in offspring from the juvenile period to the adult period.

Limosilactobacillus fermentum prevents gut-kidney oxidative damage and the rise in blood pressure in male rat offspring exposed to a maternal high-fat diet

“…Posteriorly, pregnant rats were allocated to a control group (n = 4) and received a diet prepared according to the American Institute of Nutrition -AIN-93G; or a HFHC group (n = 4) that received a diet (Table 1) purchased from Rhoster Company (Araçoiaba da Serra, São Paulo, Brazil) during pregnancy and lactation period as previously described. 1,16,17 After weaning (postnatal day 21), male rat offspring (CTL, n = 16 and HFHC, n = 15) were weighted, housed separately (3−4 per cage), and had free access to a commercial diet (Presence Purina, Paulínea, São Paulo, Brazil) and water ad libitum up to 100 days of age. At that age, the experimental groups were randomly formed with one to two rats from each litter.…”

Short‐ and long‐term effects of maternal dyslipidaemia on blood pressure and baroreflex sensitivity in male rat offspring

“…The LPS linked to gut dysbiosis may contribute to inflammation, oxidative stress and sympatho‐excitation via a toll‐like receptor 4 activation . A recent study from our laboratory demonstrated that the consumption of a dyslipidaemic diet during the gestational and lactational period provoked severe damage to the intestinal parenchyma and faecal microbiota in both dams and offspring . Our next step will be to test whether targeting microbiota with probiotic intervention or reducing oxidative stress and inflammation during the periconceptional period prevents or delays the onset of cardiometabolic disorders in adult offspring.…”

Harnessing Wind Energy with Hydrostatic Transmission Coupled to an Electromagnetic Frequency Regulator

“…As the equivalent impedances depend on the frequency, the roots must be calculated starting with s = 0 and repeating the iteration up to s → s * with negligible error. From the EFR reactance measurements obtained in the laboratory [18] for a particular frequency (60 Hz), it is possible to extrapolate to other frequencies by calculating, for a given…”

“…The EFR design parameters were obtained from Pinheiro et al [18] (cf Table 1). In order to satisfy a load of 5 kW at a wind speed of 7 m/s and an armature power (design chosen) of 4 kW, the S L I P algorithm was applied to these numbers, resulting in the set of values in the second column of Table 4.…”