Maternal dietary patterns in pregnancy and fetal growth in Japan: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study

Abstract

Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy is an important determinant of fetal growth. Although the effects of several nutrients and foods have been well examined, little is known about the relationship of overall maternal diet in pregnancy to fetal growth, particularly in nonWestern populations. We prospectively examined the relationship of maternal dietary patterns in pregnancy to neonatal anthropometric measurements at birth and risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth among 803 Japanese women with live-born, singleton, term deliveries. Maternal diet in pregnancy was assessed using a validated, self-administered diet history questionnaire. Dietary patterns from thirty-three predefined food groups (g/4184 kJ) were extracted by cluster analysis. The following three dietary patterns were identified: the 'meat and eggs' (n 326), 'wheat products', with a relatively high intake of bread, confectioneries and soft drinks (n 303), and 'rice, fish and vegetables' (n 174) patterns. After adjustment for potential confounders, women in the 'wheat products' pattern had infants with the significantly lowest birth weight (P¼ 0·045) and head circumference (P¼0·036) among those in the three dietary patterns. Compared with women in the 'rice, fish and vegetables' pattern, women in the 'wheat products' pattern had higher odds of having a SGA infant for weight (multivariate OR 5·2, 95 % CI 1·1, 24·4), but this was not the case for birth length or head circumference. These results suggest that a diet high in bread, confectioneries, and soft drinks and low in fish and vegetables during pregnancy might be associated with a small birth weight and an increased risk of having a SGA infant.

Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and body composition of the child at age 6 y: the Generation R Study

“…In previous studies, a maternal Western diet (28) and wheat products diet (29) during pregnancy were shown to be associated with a lower birth weight, which in turn could alter later body composition (30,31). On the basis of the phenomenon of fetal programming, which emphasizes prenatal nutrition as a key determinant for the increased risk of diseases later in life (5), we hypothesized that maternal diet during pregnancy could have a substantial influence on a child's body composition.…”

Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index Is Associated with Dietary Inflammatory Index and C-Reactive Protein Concentrations during Pregnancy

“…Dietary patterns considering the overall combinations of food groups and nutrients [24] among pregnant women have been studied using factor analysis or principal component analysis [25,26,27,28], reduced rank regression [29,30,31], cluster analysis [32,33], index analysis [7,8,9,34,35,36], or latent class analysis [37,38] in relation to small-for-gestational-age infants or pre-term births. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no research investigating the overall inflammatory potential of diet during pregnancy in relation to pre-pregnancy BMI.…”

Maternal dietary and nutritional characteristics as predictor of newborn birth weight in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2017

“…As a modifiable factor, dietary patterns may be more applicable to clinical and pregnant health interventions (Xuyang et al, 2016). Being born with low birth weight (LBW) is generally recognized as a disadvantage for the infant, increasing the risk of early growth retardation, fast catch up growth, infectious disease, developmental delay, and death during infancy and childhood (Edmund and Bahl, 2006;Marte et al, 2014;Englund et al, 2014;Okubo et al, 2012;). Earlier publications have shown that dietary practices characterized with nutrient-rich foods were linked with bigger birth size outcomes (Englund et al, 2014;Wolff and Wolff, 1995).…”