Maternal Deprivation and the Response to Ehrlich Carcinoma in BALB/c Mice

Adaptation to the Tumor-Enhancing Effects of Stress

“…It should be noted, however, that although we previously found that 10 inescapable shock sessions had effects that went beyond simply blocking the acute stress-induced tumor enhancement and actually inhibited tumor growth relative to nonshocked controls such an effect was not evident in the present experiment. This is not entirely surprising, in view of the fact that the inhibition we previously observed was quite small and the chronic stress regimens typically employed in studies reporting inhibited tumor growth are considerably more extensive (see [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

“…While such an hypothesis might account for the fact that chronic shock following tumor cell transplantation eliminated the effects of acute shock on tumor growth, it is clear that the actual inhibition of tumor growth observed previously (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42) cannot be adequately accounted for by these formulations. That is to say, the fact that tumor growth was retarded relative to nonstressed mice in these earlier studies points to effects other than, or in addition to, the elimination of the acute shock effect.…”

“…The mitigation of the acute stress effects and the inhibitory effects of chronic stress that have been reported (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42) may be attributable to factors other than the chronicity of the stress regimen. Specifically, it has been demonstrated that the stage of tumor development at which stress is introduced may influence the subsequent effects of stress (15,30,35).…”

“…With respect to the infra-human investigations, it has been reported that stress may either exacerbate (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29) or inhibit (14,(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42) tumorigenicity. Aside from stress type and social conditions (2,43), two important factors that contribute to these contradictory findings are ability to control stress and chronicity of stress.…”

Early weaning decreases play‐fighting behavior during the postweaning developmental period of wistar rats

“…In rats, maternal deprivation during the first 10 days of the neonatal period, when the mother rat exhibits intensive nursing behaviors, such as grooming and licking, increases anxiety-related behaviors but not influences somatic growth of the pups (Caldji, Francis, Sharma, Plotsky, & Meaney, 2000;Liu, Caldji, Sharma, Plotsky, & Meaney, 2000;Plotsky & Meaney, 1993). In addition, maternal deprivation is known to lower resistance to cancer (LaBarba & White, 1971) and to enhance the neuroendocrine response to stressors (Francis, Diorio, Liu, & Meaney, 1999;Ladd, Owens, & Nemeroff, 1996;Ogawa et al, 1994).…”