Maternal depression, anxiety, stress, and maternal-infant attachment in the neonatal intensive care unit

Bonacquisti, Alexa; Geller, Pamela A.; Patterson, Chavis A.

doi:10.1080/02646838.2019.1695041

Cited by 72 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Both state and trait levels were >40, meaning this elevated level of maternal anxiety was clinically relevant. This is consistent with the literature [ 30 , 31 ]. Although transition to motherhood itself may be overwhelming and accompanied by feelings of distress [ 32 ], in the case of preterm birth, the sudden onset of preterm labor, the abrupt separation from their infant, and fear and uncertainty of how their critically ill infant is doing in the NICU may cause an emotional crisis and negative feelings like anxiety in NICU mothers [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Nevertheless, our finding corresponds well with Bonacquisti and colleagues who demonstrated that anxiety symptoms decreased two to four months after birth. Despite this decline in anxiety over time, elevated maternal anxiety during NICU stay is reported to be associated with negative outcomes, such as reduced mother−infant attachment [ 31 ] and poorer child neurodevelopment [ 34 ]. These findings validate the importance of efforts being made to reduce maternal anxiety during early NICU stay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal Anxiety, Infant Stress, and the Role of Live-Performed Music Therapy during NICU Stay in The Netherlands

Kraft

Jaschke

Ravensbergen

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Having an infant in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) elicits maternal anxiety, which may hamper parent−child bonding. We performed a prospective cohort study to describe anxiety in mothers of infants born before 30 weeks of gestation during NICU stay in The Netherlands, and investigated the influence of infant stress and gestational age. Second, we performed a randomized-controlled live-performed music therapy trial (LPMT trial) to investigate whether music therapy applied to the infant alleviated maternal anxiety. The relation between infant stress, gestational age, and maternal anxiety was measured in 45 mother−infant dyads, using the Neonatal Infant Stressor Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The effect of LPMT on anxiety was assessed in 21 mothers whose infants were assigned to either LPMT (n = 12) or waitlist (n = 9). Mothers completed the STAI before and after this period. Maternal anxiety decreased over time in all mothers, and was strongly related with infant stress (r = 0.706, p < 0.001), but not with gestational age. Anxiety scores decreased by 12% after LMPT, and increased by 1% after a waitlist period (p = 0.30). Our results indicate that LPMT in the weeks after birth may accelerate the reduction of maternal anxiety. Further research should focus on the effects on mother−child bonding.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Anxiety, Infant Stress, and the Role of Live-Performed Music Therapy during NICU Stay in The Netherlands

Kraft

Jaschke

Ravensbergen

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Another very important factor predicting PTSD-ACwhich is associated with preterm labor and complications during pregnancy is the inclusion of the infant in the NICU. It is known that maternal distress after the inclusion of the infant in the NICUconsists of a complication of anxiety, depressive and PTSD symptoms and is associated negatively with maternal-infant attachment [44,45]. In our study, inclusion inthe NICU is related to 30.2% of EMCS and 11.3% of ELCS and includes preterm and full-term infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Correlation between Kind of Cesarean Section and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Greek Women

Orovou

Δάγλα

Iatrakis

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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A birth experience with cesarean section (CS) can be a cause of the development of post-traumatic stress disorder after a cesarean (PTSD-AC) or profile PTSD, for a percentage of women. So far, there is no data on the frequency of PTSD-AC in Greece and this syndrome is often associated with other mental disorders of the postpartum period. The purpose of this research is to associate the kind of CS with PTSD-AC for Greek mothers and the combination of factors that make them less resistant to trauma. A sample of ahundred and sixty-six mothers who gave birth with emergency cesarean section (EMCS) and elective cesarean section (ELCS) at a Greek University hospital have consented to participate in the two phases of the survey, in the 2nd day postpartum and a follow-up in the 6th week postpartum. Medical/demographic data and a life events checklist (LEC-5) with Criterion A and post-traumatic stress checklist (PCL-5) were used to diagnose PTSD and PTSD Profile. Out of166 mothers enrolled, 160 replied to the follow-up (96.4%), ELCS 97 (97%) and EMCS 63 (95%). Twenty (31.7%) EMCS had PTSD and nine (14.3%) had Profile. One (1%) ELCS had PTSD and 4 (4.1%) had Profile. This survey shows a high prevalence rate of PTSD after EMCS with additional risk factors of preterm labor, inclusion in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), a lack of breastfeeding, and a lack of support from the partner.

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“…Also, NICU admission was reported as a risk factor for maternal stress and anxiety. 21 Another important factor that may contribute to the high rate of EBM is the relatively hot and humid weather in Egypt in most months of the year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expressed Breast Milk Contamination in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Gad¹,

Sheta²,

Al-Khalafawi³

et al. 2021

PHMT

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Background The health benefits of breastfeeding are well known. However, some ill babies including those admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) cannot be directly breastfed. In this situation, expressed breast milk (EBM) can be used. However, breast milk is not always sterile and may be contaminated by many microorganisms. EBM contamination is probably attributed to improper technical and hygienic factors and may pose significant threats to the newborn baby. The present study aimed to document the prevalence of EBM contamination in NICU and to uncover the relevant risk factors. Subjects and Methods The study included 118 mothers who could express breast milk for their own neonates admitted to the NICU. A checklist was used to document the steps the mothers followed during expression of milk and all steps of handling until the EBM reached the NICU. A 1 mL sample of EBM was obtained and sent to the microbiology laboratory within 20 minutes. Data obtained from the present study are expressed as number and percentage or mean ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical calculations were computed using SPSS 25. Results In the present study, 106 (89.8%) out of the assessed 118 EBM samples were contaminated. Hygienic factors related to EBM contamination included hand only wash, possible recontamination of hands during turning taps off, lack of using cotton pads or cloth piece on nipple and breast cleaning by water only. Other factors related to EBM contamination included container cleaning by water only, fresh milk refrigeration after > 4 hours, adding freshly expressed warm breast milk to refrigerated milk expressed earlier in the same day, milk transport in plastic bags with ice packs and longer transportation time. In the contaminated samples, the most commonly isolated organisms included Staphylococcus aureus (55.7%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (21.7%) and Enterobacter (11.6%). Conclusion The present study identified bacterial contamination in about 90% of EBM samples delivered to NICU infants. Factors related to EBM contamination include hygienic, storage and transport factors.

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Maternal depression, anxiety, stress, and maternal-infant attachment in the neonatal intensive care unit

Cited by 72 publications

References 46 publications

Maternal Anxiety, Infant Stress, and the Role of Live-Performed Music Therapy during NICU Stay in The Netherlands

Maternal Anxiety, Infant Stress, and the Role of Live-Performed Music Therapy during NICU Stay in The Netherlands

Correlation between Kind of Cesarean Section and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Greek Women

Expressed Breast Milk Contamination in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

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