Maternal Carbohydrate Disorder and Congenital Malformations

Abstract

In 152 consecutively observed mothers who had delivered malformed infants intheir last pregnancy, 10 per cent had abnormal standard glucose tolerance tests and 45 per cent abnormal triamcinolone glucose tolerance tests. These findings are in contrast to a 3.3 per cent prevalence of abnormal triamcinolone glucose tolerance tests in a controlled group selected for absence of findings suggesting diabetes. The observation suggests that a relation exists between carbohydrate disturbance and the delivery of malformed infants.

Is Diabetes Mellitus a Teratogen or a Coteratogen?

“…1.4 (1.7) 0.9 (3.9) hand, odds ratios as high as 70-fold have been reported in some retrospective investigations (10)(11)(12)(13)(14) (table 2).…”

Diabetes Mellitus in Down’s Syndrome

“…Parental or familial diabetes or prediabetes could predispose offspring to develop DS. Navarette et al 26 found an unexpectedly large number of individuals with DS born to diabetic or prediabetic mothers. An increased stillbirth rate, mortality, and frequency of congenital malformations in the offspring of diabetic mothers are well known.…”

The influence of maternal glucose metabolism on fetal growth, development and morbidity in 917 singleton pregnancies in nondiabetic women

“…In Case 2 (trisomy 18), there was convincing evidence of poor glucose disposal with a poor insulin response and in Case 6 (trisomy 21) FPG was above the 95th centile. Although maternal glucose intolerance has not been described previously in association with trisomy 18 it has been associated with other chromosomal disorders [24][25][26] and the offspring of diabetic mice show an increased incidence of chromosomal abnormality [27]. In these two instances the occurrence of G. Farmer et al: Maternal glucose metabolism and neonatal outcome autosomal trisomies in the offspring of otherwise asymptomatic mothers might have been related to impaired glucose metabolism.…”