Maternal Caffeine Consumption during Pregnancy and Risk of Low Birth Weight: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Abstract

Epidemiologic studies have shown inconsistent conclusions about the effect of caffeine intake during pregnancy on the risk of low birth weight (LBW). We performed a meta-analysis and linear-dose response analysis examining the association between caffeine consumption during pregnancy and risk of LBW. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for relevant articles published up to March 2014. Eight cohort and four case-control studies met all inclusion criteria. Using a random-effects model of the twelve studies, the pooled odds ratio (OR) for the risk of LBW comparing the highest versus lowest level of caffeine intake during pregnancy was 1.38 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.73). Linear dose-response analysis showed that every additional 100 mg of caffeine intake (1 cup of coffee or 2 cups of tea) per day during pregnancy was associated with a 3.0% increase in OR for LBW. There was a moderate level of overall heterogeneity with an I-squared value of 55% (95% CI: 13, 76%), and no evidence of publication bias based on Egger’s test (P = 0.20) and the funnel plot. Thus, high caffeine intake during pregnancy is associated with a significant increase in the risk of LBW, and this risk appears to increase linearly as caffeine intake increases.

Drug usage analysis in pregnant women

“…Regarding consumption of caffeine, almost half of all women in this study reported consumption of coffee during pregnancy, what is a relatively high amount. A meta-analysis of seven studies in 1998 has demonstrated a signifi cant increase in low birth weight linked with caffeine intake during pregnancy (18).…”

Evidence-Based Practices During Pregnancy and Midwifery Approach

“…(2015) tarafından yapılan gebelikte kafein tüketimiyle düşük doğum ağırlığı arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen bir meta analiz çalış-masında, gebelikte kafein alımının artmasının düşük doğum ağırlığını artırdığını saptamıştır. 74 Jahanfar ve Jaafar (2015) tarafından gebelerde kafein alımının kısıtlamasının fetal, neonatal ve gebelik sonuçlarına etkisini araştırmak amacıyla 1.197 gebeyle yapılan bir çalışmada, kafein alımının maternal ve fetal olumsuz etkileri üzerine yeterli kanıt bulunamamış ve çalışmanın sonucunda, daha fazla iyi kaliteli, çift-kör randomize kontrollü çalışma yapılmasına ihtiyaç olduğu vurgulanmıştır. 75 Antenatal bakımda, kafein içeren gıdalar ve bunların tüketimi konusunda gebeyle bireysel olarak tartışılmalı ve gebenin kafein tüketim miktarı sorgulanmalıdır.…”

Caffeine Intake during Pregnancy: What Are the Real Evidences?

“…Li and cols [72] performed a systematic meta-analysis reviewing coffee and caffeine consumption with pregnancy loss, and found a dose-dependent association pointing to a potential risk of this gestational outcome. Rhee et al [73] focused their meta-analysis on cohort and case control studies that related the dose-dependent consumption of caffeine during gestation and the risk of LBW (low birth weight) newborn. The results showed that for each increase of 100 mg of caffeine consumed during pregnancy, the odds ratio for LBW increased by 3%, being this linear rise according to the dose consumed.…”