“…Increasing concern of the bio safety with respect to public health, AlNP can permeate biological barriers and accumulate in many organs as shown in several studies( Almeida et al, 2011 , Morsy et al, 2016b ), causing neurotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro ( Dong et al, 2011 , Chen et al, 2013 , Morsy et al, 2016a ), genotoxicity ( Balasubramanyam et al, 2009 ), in addition liver and kidney toxicity ( Morsy et al, 2016a ). Keelan, 2011 , Muoth et al, 2016 , Hamdi, 2020a , Hamdi, 2020b reported that NPs can penetrate the biological barriers, such as the blood–brain barrier (BBB), blood–testis barrier, and placental barrier. Zhang et al (2018) showed that Alumina nanoparticles caused neurodevelopmental toxicity in offspring of exposed female mice during pregnancy, and they indicated that the contents of aluminum were localized in the newborns hippocampus.…”