Maternal and Fetal Factors that Contribute to the Localization of T Regulatory Cells During Pregnancy

Wambach, C.M.; Patel, Sonal; Kahn, Daniel

doi:10.1111/aji.12223

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, during cervical dilatation, a massive leukocyte presence if found in the cervix stroma compared to that in non-pregnant women (104). In mice, flow cytometry analysis of dispersed cervix on D18.5 of pregnancy indicated no difference in density of CD4 + T cells vs. that in non-pregnants (105).…”

Section: Ripeningmentioning

confidence: 85%

Immunobiology of Cervix Ripening

Yellon

2020

Front. Immunol.

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The cervix is the essential gatekeeper for birth. Incomplete cervix remodeling contributes to problems with delivery at or post-term while preterm birth is a major factor in perinatal morbidity and mortality in newborns. Lack of cervix biopsies from women during the period preceding term or preterm birth have led to use of rodent models to advanced understanding of the mechanism for prepartum cervix remodeling. The critical transition from a soft cervix to a compliant prepartum lower uterine segment has only recently been recognized to occur in various mammalian species when progesterone in circulation is at or near the peak of pregnancy in preparation for birth. In rodents, characterization of ripening resembles an inflammatory process with a temporal coincidence of decreased density of cell nuclei, decline in cross-linked extracellular collagen, and increased presence of macrophages in the cervix. Although a role for inflammation in parturition and cervix remodeling is not a new concept, a comprehensive examination of literature in this review reveals that many conclusions are drawn from comparisons before and after ripening has occurred, not during the process. The present review focuses on essential phenotypes and functions of resident myeloid and possibly other immune cells to bridge the gap with evidence that specific biomarkers may assess the progress of ripening both at term and with preterm birth. Moreover, use of endpoints to determine the effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches to forestall remodeling and reduce risks for preterm birth, or facilitate ripening to promote parturition will improve the postpartum well-being of mothers and newborns. The maternal immune system in mammals adapts to tolerate the differentiation of novel structures associated with the fetal allograft. Development of two interfaces protect the fetus from rejection and assault by the ecology of the external environment. The internal fetal-maternal interface, as represented by the fetal membranes, placenta, and decidua, is crucial for maintaining maternal inflammatory reactivity for surveillance and responses to pathogens. Discussion of the internal interface is elsewhere and in this special volume (1-3). However, the present review is focused on the external fetal-maternal interface consisting of an amniotic fluid buffer, in a forebag region later in pregnancy as the fetal head engages the lower uterus, and the fetal membranes as they press against the internal os of the cervix. This description of a singleton pregnancy in primates near term applies to rodents, despite anatomical differences in the uterus described below, because observations indicate a single fetal sac engages the internal os of the cervix shortly before labor. The success of this external interface to fend off the biome and virome in the vagina reflects the barrier function of the cervix to protect both the fetus and maternal host structures in the uterus. The cervix barrier function has both immunological and structural components. One part of the mate...

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Section: Ripeningmentioning

confidence: 85%

Immunobiology of Cervix Ripening

Yellon

2020

Front. Immunol.

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“…Wild-type Kunming mice were purchased from the Laboratory Animal Center of Shandong University. The sex was determined by PCR analysis using Sry primers (Table 1) [20]. Care and use of experimental animals described in this work comply with the guidelines and policies of the University Committee on Animal Resources at Shandong University.…”

Section: Mouse Strain and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiation of oogenesis and meiosis in the fetal ovary depends on Dennd1a-mediated production of Wnt5a and retinoic acid from the somatic niches

Shi¹,

Niu²,

Gao³

et al. 2021

Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)

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“…Maternal-fetal tolerance involves the participation of various leukocyte sub-populations, including T cells (regulatory T cells, Th1 cells, Th2 cells, and Th17 cells), macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, NK cells, and NKT cells, dendritic cells, and B cells, that change in density and localization throughout pregnancy 15,[17][18][19] . Maternal-fetal tolerance is enriched at the maternal-fetal interface 20 -the anatomical site where the immune system of the mother interacts with the fetal antigens 20,21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

Arenas‐Hernandez

Sánchez-Rodríguez

Mial

et al. 2015

JoVE

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Immune tolerance in pregnancy requires that the immune system of the mother undergoes distinctive changes in order to accept and nurture the developing fetus. This tolerance is initiated during coitus, established during fecundation and implantation, and maintained throughout pregnancy. Active cellular and molecular mediators of maternal-fetal tolerance are enriched at the site of contact between fetal and maternal tissues, known as the maternal-fetal interface, which includes the placenta and the uterine and decidual tissues. This interface is comprised of stromal cells and infiltrating leukocytes, and their abundance and phenotypic characteristics change over the course of pregnancy. Infiltrating leukocytes at the maternal-fetal interface include neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, T cells, B cells, NK cells, and NKT cells that together create the local micro-environment that sustains pregnancy. An imbalance among these cells or any inappropriate alteration in their phenotypes is considered a mechanism of disease in pregnancy. Therefore, the study of leukocytes that infiltrate the maternal-fetal interface is essential in order to elucidate the immune mechanisms that lead to pregnancy-related complications. Described herein is a protocol that uses a combination of gentle mechanical dissociation followed by a robust enzymatic disaggregation with a proteolytic and collagenolytic enzymatic cocktail to isolate the infiltrating leukocytes from the murine tissues at the maternal-fetal interface. This protocol allows for the isolation of high numbers of viable leukocytes (>70%) with sufficiently conserved antigenic and functional properties. Isolated leukocytes can then be analyzed by several techniques, including immunophenotyping, cell sorting, imaging, immunoblotting, mRNA expression, cell culture, and in vitro functional assays such as mixed leukocyte reactions, proliferation, or cytotoxicity assays. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Maternal and Fetal Factors that Contribute to the Localization of T Regulatory Cells During Pregnancy

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Immunobiology of Cervix Ripening

Immunobiology of Cervix Ripening

Initiation of oogenesis and meiosis in the fetal ovary depends on Dennd1a-mediated production of Wnt5a and retinoic acid from the somatic niches

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

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