Materials performance in simulated waste combustion environments

Pettersson, Rachel; Flyg, J.; Viklund, Peter

doi:10.1179/174327808x286365

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, as a deposit interacts with the flue gas, it is important to include both the deposit and the flue gas in the experiments when simulating the corrosion behavior in a biomass-fired or cofired boiler. Although there are many publications that present results of corrosion tests performed in the presence of both a deposit and a flue gas simulating waste incineration conditions (which mainly involves molten salt corrosion), − there are just a few that focused on biomass-firing conditions. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lab-scale Investigation of Deposit-induced Chlorine Corrosion of Superheater Materials under Simulated Biomass-firing Conditions. Part 1: Exposure at 560 °C^†

Lith¹,

Frandsen²,

Montgomery³

et al. 2009

Energy Fuels

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Deposit-induced chlorine corrosion was studied under well-controlled laboratory conditions, simulating the conditions in straw-fired boilers and boilers cofiring coal and straw. This was done by exposing pieces of superheater tube (TP 347H FG) covered with synthetic deposits of known Cl content to gas mixtures simulating straw-firing and cofiring of coal and straw, at 560°C (1040°F), for 3 days. The corroded specimens, and the reacted deposits, were studied in detail using a scanning electron microscope to determine the corrosion rate, investigate the chemistry and morphology of the corrosion attack, and study the sulfation behavior. Besides the gas compositions, various parameters were studied systematically. Most specimens suffered some internal attack, mostly by selective corrosion and in some cases by grain boundary attack. In all experiments with KCl and KCl-SiO 2 deposits, the corrosion products consisted of an oxide scale, containing oxides of Cr and Fe, and on top of that a characteristic mixed layer of iron oxide threads in a potassium sulfate matrix. However, the thickness and shape of this layer was found to be strongly dependent on the experimental conditions. An increase of the percentage of KCl in the deposit resulted in a more uniform and deeper internal corrosion attack. The presence of HCl in the flue gas did not seem to be essential for chlorine-induced corrosion to occur, when a deposit containing KCl was present, but it enhanced the corrosion rate. The degree of sulfation of KCl in the deposits after exposure was quantified by wet chemical analysis and was shown to be dependent on many parameters, including the SO 2 concentration in the gas flow, the concentration of KCl in the deposit, and the SiO 2 and KCl particle sizes in the deposit. No simple relation was observed between the degree of sulfation in the deposit and the depth of internal attack or the thickness of the oxide or mixed layer. Whereas SiO 2 particles were found to be chemically inert with respect to the flue gas and the corrosion attack, CaO particles reacted with HCl from the flue gas, and the resulting CaCl 2 played an important role in the corrosion mechanism. As a result, the corrosion rate was strongly enhanced when CaO was present in the deposit, instead of SiO 2 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lab-scale Investigation of Deposit-induced Chlorine Corrosion of Superheater Materials under Simulated Biomass-firing Conditions. Part 1: Exposure at 560 °C^†

Lith¹,

Frandsen²,

Montgomery³

et al. 2009

Energy Fuels

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“…The environment may be somewhat more benign as no alkaline is added, as in the case of Kraft pulping. Pettersson et al 16 studied a simulated biomass combustion environment with hydrochloric acid in the gas phase and regular additions of potassium chloride and potassium sulphate. The work compared carbon steel, low alloy steel, austenitic stainless 304 (UNS S 30403) and heat resistant stainless 253MA (UNS S30815).…”

Section: Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solving corrosion problems in biofuels industry

Torsner¹

2010

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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Ethanol is increasingly popular as fuel. It is renewable, cleaner than gasoline, and during the 2008 oil price peak, its costs of production without subsidies actually rivalled those of gasoline. The fuel grade ethanol producers are large consumers of stainless steel, in particular for cookers, fermentation tanks, and distillation columns as well as storage tanks for the finished product. The main reason is that cleanliness is important for the enzymes. However, contaminants play an important role in production as well as storage and distribution. Contaminants are causing a phenomenon called stress corrosion cracking. Biodiesel fuel is a mixture of fatty acid alcohol esters. Modern diesel engines are very sensitive to fuel quality and purity. Biodiesel is unstable, just like butter, which is going rancid in a matter of weeks. Biodiesel degradation is an oxidation process, which among others is speeded up by tiny amounts of metal ions leaching from production and storage vessels. Biodiesel vessels need to be designed in non-degradable materials of construction, as stainless steel. In addition, pretreatment of low cost feedstock and methyl recycling operations use strong acids, which also necessitate stainless steels. Biomass is gaining importance as a source for renewable fuels and hydrogen in addition to heat and electricity. Corrosion issues are numerous and include high temperature corrosion under ash and alkali salt deposits and metal dusting at gasification. Fuel grade ethanol, biodiesel and biomass represent three different corrosion issues, which can be solved using the correct stainless steel.

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HCl-Induced High Temperature Corrosion of Stainless Steels in Thermal Cycling Conditions and the Effect of Preoxidation

Viklund

Pettersson

2010

Oxid Met

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Gaseous HCl released during combustion is one reason for the severe materials degradation often encountered in power generation from waste and biomass. In this study, three stainless steels (the low alloyed EN 1.4982, the standard EN 1.4301 and the higher alloyed EN 1.4845) were tested by repeated thermal cycling in an environment comprising N 2 -10%O 2 -5%H 2 O-0.05%HCl at both 400 and 700°C. The materials were exposed with ground surfaces and preoxidised at 400 or 700°C. A positive effect of preoxidation is evident when alloys are exposed at 400°C. Oxide layers formed during preoxidation effectively suppress chlorine ingress for all three materials, while chlorine accumulation at the metal/oxide interface is detected for surface ground specimens. The positive effect of preoxidation is lost at 700°C and corrosion resistance is dependent on alloying level. At 700°C metal chloride evaporation contributes significantly to the material degradation. Based on the results, high temperature corrosion in chlorinating environments is discussed in general terms.

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Materials performance in simulated waste combustion environments

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Lab-scale Investigation of Deposit-induced Chlorine Corrosion of Superheater Materials under Simulated Biomass-firing Conditions. Part 1: Exposure at 560 °C^†

Lab-scale Investigation of Deposit-induced Chlorine Corrosion of Superheater Materials under Simulated Biomass-firing Conditions. Part 1: Exposure at 560 °C^†

Solving corrosion problems in biofuels industry

HCl-Induced High Temperature Corrosion of Stainless Steels in Thermal Cycling Conditions and the Effect of Preoxidation

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Materials performance in simulated waste combustion environments

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Lab-scale Investigation of Deposit-induced Chlorine Corrosion of Superheater Materials under Simulated Biomass-firing Conditions. Part 1: Exposure at 560 °C†

Lab-scale Investigation of Deposit-induced Chlorine Corrosion of Superheater Materials under Simulated Biomass-firing Conditions. Part 1: Exposure at 560 °C†

Solving corrosion problems in biofuels industry

HCl-Induced High Temperature Corrosion of Stainless Steels in Thermal Cycling Conditions and the Effect of Preoxidation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Lab-scale Investigation of Deposit-induced Chlorine Corrosion of Superheater Materials under Simulated Biomass-firing Conditions. Part 1: Exposure at 560 °C^†

Lab-scale Investigation of Deposit-induced Chlorine Corrosion of Superheater Materials under Simulated Biomass-firing Conditions. Part 1: Exposure at 560 °C^†