Materials for stretchable electronics in bioinspired and biointegrated devices

Kim, Dae‐Hyeong; Lu, Nanshu; Huang, Yonggang; Rogers, John A.

doi:10.1557/mrs.2012.36

Cited by 183 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…It is important to note that our devices exhibit a linear I SD 1/2 (V G ) dependence (solid red curve) in this regime, which confirms that the devices operate correctly, as expected from an ideal FET 14 . The field-effect mobility in the saturation regime, m sat , has been calculated using the expression: 2 . The average mobility among 11 TIPS-pentacene devices was /m sat S ¼ 0.15 cm 2 V À 1 s À 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To make organic electronics competitive with inorganic semiconductors for these niche applications, the fabrication techniques should rely on very simple and inexpensive approaches, such as solution deposition of organic semiconductors on plastic substrates, in which the fabrication process should ideally be performed in air and at room temperature. In addition, to compete with flexible forms of inorganic semiconductors, such as ultra-thin singlecrystal silicon (see, for example, a review by Rogers and colleagues 2 ), these organic circuits must also exhibit a very good electro-mechanical stability, that is, mechanical flexibility without degradation of the electrical performance. Provided that low-cost fabrication on plastic sheets and mechanical flexibility are truly realized, organic electronics might enable new applications exploiting the unique properties of carbon-based materials.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ultra-flexible solution-processed organic field-effect transistors

et al. 2012

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Organic semiconductors might enable new applications in low-cost, light-weight, flexible electronics. To build a solid foundation for these technologies, more fundamental studies of electro-mechanical properties of various types of organic semiconductors are necessary. Here we perform basic studies of charge transport in highly crystalline solution-processed organic semiconductors as a function of applied mechanical strain. As a test bed, we use small molecules crystallized on thin plastic sheets, resulting in high-performance flexible field-effect transistors. These devices can be bent multiple times without degradation to a radius as small as B200 mm, demonstrating that crystalline solution-processed organic semiconductors are intrinsically highly flexible. This study of electro-mechanical properties suggests that solution-processable organic semiconductors are suitable for applications in flexible electronics, provided that integration with other important technological advances, such as device scalability and low-voltage operation, is achieved in the future.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Ultra-flexible solution-processed organic field-effect transistors

et al. 2012

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“…Despite these differences, electrodes for DEAs and stretchable electronics have many common characteristics, such as materials, deposition methods and patterning solutions. Consequently, the applications of the soft electrodes technologies presented in this review largely exceed the sole domain of DEAs, but encompasses bioinspired stretchable electronics [14], soft electronic skins [15] or PCB-inspired stretchable circuits [16] to give a few examples (Figure 1).…”

Section: Stretchable Electrodes For Soft Machines and Conformable Elementioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible and stretchable electrodes for dielectric elastomer actuators

2012

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Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are flexible lightweight actuators that can generate strains of over 100%. They are used in applications ranging from haptic feedback (mm-sized devices), to cm-scale soft robots, to meter-long blimps. DEAs consist of an electrode-elastomer-electrode stack, placed on a frame. Applying a voltage between the electrodes electrostatically compresses the elastomer, which deforms in-plane or out-of plane depending on design. Since the electrodes are bonded to the elastomer, they must reliably sustain repeated very large deformations while remaining conductive, and without significantly adding to the stiffness of the soft elastomer. The electrodes are required for electrostatic actuation, but also enable resistive and capacitive sensing of the strain, leading to self-sensing actuators. This review compares the different technologies used to make compliant electrodes for DEAs in terms of: impact on DEA device performance (speed, efficiency, maximum strain), manufacturability, miniaturization, the integration of self-sensing and selfswitching, and compatibility with low-voltage operation. While graphite and carbon black have been the most widely used technique in research environments, alternative methods are emerging which combine compliance, conduction at over 100% strain with better conductivity and/or ease of patternability, including microfabrication-based approaches for compliant metal thin-films, metal-polymer nano-composites, nanoparticle implantation, and reel-to-reel production of µm-scale patterned thin films on elastomers. Such electrodes are key to miniaturization, low-voltage operation, and widespread commercialization of DEAs.

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confidence: 99%

In‐Plane Deformation Mechanics for Highly Stretchable Electronics

et al. 2016

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Stretchable electronics represents a relatively recent class of technology [1,2] of interest partly due to its potential for applications in sensory robotic skins, [3,4] conformal photovoltaic modules, [5,6] wearable communication devices, [7,8] skin-mounted monitors of physiological health, [9][10][11] advanced, soft surgical and clinical diagnostic tools, [11,12] and bioinspired digital cameras. [13,14] A key challenge in each of these systems is in the development of strategies in mechanics that simultaneously allow large levels of elastic stretchability and high areal coverages of active devices built with materials that are themselves not stretchable (e.g., conventional metals) and are, in some cases, highly brittle (e.g., inorganic semiconductors). For design approaches that embed stretchability in interconnect structures that join rigid device islands, the system level stretchability ε system is much smaller than the interconnect stretchability ε interconnect . Zhang et al. [15] identified the following relationship between the interconnect and system stretchability:, where f dev = (area of active device components)/(total area of the system) is the areal coverage ratio of active device components. Structure designs for stretchable interconnects have evolved from straight [13,16] to curvilinear interconnects, [17] from those bonded to or embedded in the supporting substrate [11,18] to free-standing designs housed in microfluidic enclosures, [19] and from simple structures [17] to fractal/self-similar designs. [15,[20][21][22] All such cases, including a broad variety of shapes, sizes, and geometric arrangements, share the same underlying mechanisms, i.e., out-of-plane buckling of thin structures (metals, insulators, or semiconductors with thickness typically between ≈100 nm and ≈1 µm) provides the basis for elastic stretchability. The most advanced interconnects achieve elastic (reversible)

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Materials for stretchable electronics in bioinspired and biointegrated devices

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 183 publications

References 85 publications

Ultra-flexible solution-processed organic field-effect transistors

Ultra-flexible solution-processed organic field-effect transistors

Flexible and stretchable electrodes for dielectric elastomer actuators

In‐Plane Deformation Mechanics for Highly Stretchable Electronics

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