Materials for Bipolar Plates in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell: Performance Criteria and Current Benchmarks

Alo, Oluwaseun Ayotunde; Otunniyi, Iyiola Olatunji; Pienaar, HCvZ; Iyuke, Sunny E.

doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2016.12.011

Cited by 31 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…As expected, addition of the milled secondary carbon fibres improved the mechanical properties of composites up to the point of 70% filler. The best mechanical properties were observed for the sample containing 60% sCF, but taking into consideration the requirements for highly conductive materials (e.g., DOI standards for bipolar plates require flexural strength [ 25 MPa and electrical conductivity [ 100 S cm -1 [27]), the composition with 70% sCF was selected for further modifications with carbon nanofillers.…”

Section: Scf/ep Composites Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive hybrid polymer composites based on recycled carbon fibres and carbon nanofillers

Zambrzycki

2018

J Mater Sci

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The aim of this study was to investigate potential applications of milled secondary carbon fibres as a primary filler in conductive polymer composites. The examined composites were based on epoxy resin, milled secondary carbon fibres and selected carbon nanoadditive used as a secondary conductive filler.Three kinds of nanopowders were tested: multiwalled carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplatelets and graphitized carbon black. In the first stage of the experiment, composites with different percentages of carbon fibres were examined in order to determine the electrical conductivity and percolation threshold. Subsequently, the most conductive composition (70% of carbon fibres, r = 9.05 S cm -1 ) was modified by adding nanofillers. The addition of carbon nanotubes caused more than twofold increase in in-plane conductivity to 20.18 S cm -1 . The composites with graphene nanoplatelets showed deterioration of properties due to strongly increased viscosity of a binder with graphene. Small loadings of graphitized carbon black had a minor positive impact on the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of composites.

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Section: Scf/ep Composites Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive hybrid polymer composites based on recycled carbon fibres and carbon nanofillers

Zambrzycki

2018

J Mater Sci

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“…Despite this, fuel cells have plenty of advantages, such as a high energy efficiency [1][2][3][4], relatively low operating temperature (about 80 • C) [1,2,4,5], quick commissioning [2,5], low noise [2], and minimum exhaust emissions, which are important benefits for the environment [1][2][3][4][5]. However, there are limits to their widespread implementation, namely their limited lifetime, high acquisition costs, weight, and volume, which have to be reduced for use in vehicles [2,4]. The initial costs of the equipment are significantly influenced by the price of individual components-catalysts, membranes, electrodes, and bipolar plates [2].…”

Section: Principle Of Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are limits to their widespread implementation, namely their limited lifetime, high acquisition costs, weight, and volume, which have to be reduced for use in vehicles [2,4]. The initial costs of the equipment are significantly influenced by the price of individual components-catalysts, membranes, electrodes, and bipolar plates [2]. The literature indicates that up to 90% of these costs are related to the production of bipolar plates and membrane electrode units [1].…”

Section: Principle Of Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other equally important requirements for the properties of bipolar plates are given by the use of a fuel cell and the operating conditions [2]. For transport applications, the requirements are different from those of stationary applications [3].…”

Section: Bipolar Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such conditions in fuel cells with a polymer electrolyte membrane correspond to environments with temperatures of 50-90 °C [10], high humidity, low pH, and varying loads [1,2,6]. For this reason, bipolar plates must satisfy the requirements of good corrosion resistance [3,5] and resistance to mechanical shock and vibration [2]. In the case A fundamental component of a fuel cell is the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), which consists of a gas diffusion layer (GDL) and a catalyst layer [6,7].…”

Section: Bipolar Platesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metallic Material Selection and Prospective Surface Treatments for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Bipolar Plates—A Review

2021

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The aim of this review is to summarize the possibilities of replacing graphite bipolar plates in fuel-cells. The review is mostly focused on metallic bipolar plates, which benefit from many properties required for fuel cells, viz. good mechanical properties, thermal and electrical conductivity, availability, and others. The main disadvantage of metals is that their corrosion resistance in the fuel-cell environment originates from the formation of a passive layer, which significantly increases interfacial contact resistance. Suitable coating systems prepared by a proper deposition method are eventually able to compensate for this disadvantage and make the replacement of graphite bipolar plates possible. This review compares coatings, materials, and deposition methods based on electrochemical measurements and contact resistance properties with respect to achieving appropriate parameters established by the DOE as objectives for 2020. An extraordinary number of studies have been performed, but only a minority of them provided promising results. One of these is the nanocrystalline β-Nb2N coating on AISI 430, prepared by the disproportionation reaction of Nb(IV) in molten salt, which satisfied the DOE 2020 objectives in terms of corrosion resistance and interfacial contact resistance. From other studies, TiN, CrN, NbC, TiC, or amorphous carbon-based coatings seem to be promising. This paper is novel in extracting important aspects for future studies and methods for testing the properties of metallic materials and factors affecting monitoring characteristics and parameters.

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Effect of crystallinity on unimodal and bimodal cell structures, in a continuous production of HDPE microcellular foamed sheets using supercritical CO₂ (ScCO₂)

Ghasemzadeh,

Famili

2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Crystallinity is a controlling parameter in the development of microcellular foam final structure. In this research, using a well‐controlled continuous microcellular foamed sheet production system, the effect of crystallinity on the final structure of the microcellular foam is studied. To produce microcellular foamed sheets, different levels of the supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) is dissolved in the polymer at high pressure and the foamed material is stabilized using a four roll apparatus at different roll temperatures. Crystallization occur by delay, however this lag time can be controlled by controlling temperature gradient. The higher decrease in the roll temperature results in higher temperature gradient which increases the crystallization rate during the cell growth, causing bimodal cell structures which indicates secondary nucleation. Moreover, as the amount of gas increases, the cell formation time increases, hence, at even higher temperatures we observed the effect of secondary nucleation, resulting in the occurrence of bimodal cell structures.

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Materials for Bipolar Plates in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell: Performance Criteria and Current Benchmarks

Cited by 31 publications

References 48 publications

Conductive hybrid polymer composites based on recycled carbon fibres and carbon nanofillers

Conductive hybrid polymer composites based on recycled carbon fibres and carbon nanofillers

Metallic Material Selection and Prospective Surface Treatments for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Bipolar Plates—A Review

Effect of crystallinity on unimodal and bimodal cell structures, in a continuous production of HDPE microcellular foamed sheets using supercritical CO₂ (ScCO₂)

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Materials for Bipolar Plates in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell: Performance Criteria and Current Benchmarks

Cited by 31 publications

References 48 publications

Conductive hybrid polymer composites based on recycled carbon fibres and carbon nanofillers

Conductive hybrid polymer composites based on recycled carbon fibres and carbon nanofillers

Metallic Material Selection and Prospective Surface Treatments for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Bipolar Plates—A Review

Effect of crystallinity on unimodal and bimodal cell structures, in a continuous production of HDPE microcellular foamed sheets using supercritical CO2 (ScCO2)

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Product

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Effect of crystallinity on unimodal and bimodal cell structures, in a continuous production of HDPE microcellular foamed sheets using supercritical CO₂ (ScCO₂)