Material properties and applications of blended organic thin films with nanoscale domains deposited by RIR-MAPLE

Stiff‐Roberts, Adrienne D.; McCormick, Ryan D.; Ge, Wangyao

doi:10.1117/12.2079858

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A. D. Stiff-Roberts (2015) carried out a study in order to evaluate the influence of the emulsion chemistry on the properties of the deposited P3HT and PCPDTBT films deposited using emulsion-based RIR-MAPLE (Er:YAG laser, λ = 2.9 µm) [154]. Thus, using a fluence of 1.7 J/cm 2 , the influence of the emulsion target characteristics (surfactant concentration and the organic compound used as solvent for the polymer) on the characteristics of the deposited layers were analyzed.…”

Section: Influence Of the Solvent/emulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the emulsion-based RIR-MAPLE, the emulsion chemistry (the weight ratio between the primary solvent, second solvent, deionized water and surfactant concentration) dramatically influences the morphology of the deposited organic films. Thus, films with a smoother surface are deposited when chlorinated aromatic compounds are used as a primary solvent (solvent used for dissolving the polymer) instead of alkyl aromatic compounds [70,154]. Moreover, the surface and internal morphologies of the films deposited using RIR-MAPLE can be controlled by involving phenol, a solvent that can provide an adequate hydroxyl concentration in the frozen target, the hydroxyl bond being resonant with the laser wavelength of 2.9 µm.…”

Section: Conclusion and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a lower substrate temperature is favorable to obtain films characterized by a smoother surface [145]. Regarding the deposition configuration, in the case of mixed films, the sequential deposition permits the deposition of films with better properties than the simultaneous deposition, especially for organic semiconductors with different solubilities [69,154].…”

Section: Conclusion and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Thin Films Deposited by Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) for Photovoltaic Cell Applications: A Review

2021

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Human society’s demand for energy has increased faster in the last few decades due to the world’s population growth and economy development. Solar power can be a part of a sustainable solution to this world’s energy need, taking into account that the cost of the renewable energy recently dropped owed to the remarkable progress achieved in the solar panels field. Thus, this inexhaustible source of energy can produce cheap and clean energy with a beneficial impact on the climate change. The considerable potential of the organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells was recently emphasized, with efficiencies exceeding 18% being achieved for OPV devices with various architectures. The challenges regarding the improvement in the OPV performance consist of the selection of the adequate raw organic compounds and manufacturing techniques, both strongly influencing the electrical parameters of the fabricated OPV devices. At the laboratory level, the solution-based techniques are used in the preparation of the active films based on polymers, while the vacuum evaporation is usually involved in the deposition of small molecule organic compounds. The major breakthrough in the OPV field was the implementation of the bulk heterojunction concept but the deposition of mixed films from the same solvent is not always possible. Therefore, this review provides a survey on the development attained in the deposition of organic layers based on small molecules compounds, oligomers and polymers using matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE)-based deposition techniques (MAPLE, RIR-MAPLE and emulsion-based RIR-MAPLE). An overview of the influence of various experimental parameters involved in these laser deposition methods on the properties of the fabricated layers is given in order to identify, in the forthcoming years, new strategies for enhancing the OPV cells performance.

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Section: Influence Of the Solvent/emulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conclusion and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conclusion and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Thin Films Deposited by Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) for Photovoltaic Cell Applications: A Review

2021

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“…Surfactant was added to the target emulsions at a concentration of 10 −3 wt % in water to enable the necessary stability while also remaining undetectable in X-ray diffraction spectra. 17 Such low surfactant concentration is necessary to avoid adverse effects to charge conduction in organic semiconductor thin films. Thus, the standard target chemistry for RIR-MAPLE comprises 2.5 mg/mL polymer dissolved in the primary solvent with an emulsion ratio by volume of 1:0.25:3 (primary solvent/secondary solvent/water (with surfactant at 10 −3 wt %)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to note that emulsion-based RIR-MAPLE relies on a surfactant to blend the nonpolar (polymer and primary solvent) and polar (water) components of the target into a metastable mixture (stable long enough for the emulsion to be flash-frozen in the target cup prior to film deposition, ∼ 10–30 s). Surfactant was added to the target emulsions at a concentration of 10 –3 wt % in water to enable the necessary stability while also remaining undetectable in X-ray diffraction spectra . Such low surfactant concentration is necessary to avoid adverse effects to charge conduction in organic semiconductor thin films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Emulsion Chemistry, Film Morphology, and Device Performance in Polyfluorene LEDs Deposited by RIR-MAPLE

Zhang

Pinky

Kwansa

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Thin films of polyfluorene (PFO) were deposited using emulsion-based resonant infrared, matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (RIR-MAPLE). Here, it is shown that properly selected surfactant chemistry in the emulsion can increase crystalline β phase (β-PFO) content and consequently improve the color purity of light emission. To determine the impact of surfactant on the device performance of resulting films, blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with PFO as an active region were fabricated and compared. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to explain the physical and chemical changes in the emulsion properties as a function of the surfactant. The results indicate that the experimental film morphology and device performance are highly correlated to the emulsion droplet micelle structure and interaction energy among PFO, primary solvent, and water obtained from MD simulations. While the champion device performance was lower than other reported devices (luminous flux ∼0.0206 lm, brightness ∼725.58 cd/m2, luminous efficacy ∼0.0548 lm/W, and luminous efficiency ∼0.174 cd/A), deep blue emission with good color purity (CIE chromaticity diagram coordinate of (0.177,0.141)) was achieved for low operating voltages around 3 V. Furthermore, a much higher β-phase content of 21% was achieved in annealed films (without the pinholes typically found in β-PFO deposited by other techniques) by using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the surfactant.

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Polymer nano-composite films with inorganic upconversion phosphor and electro-optic additives made by concurrent triple-beam matrix assisted and direct pulsed laser deposition

Darwish

Moore

Mohammad

et al. 2017

Composites Part B: Engineering

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The work was to investigate polymer nano-composite films with two inorganic additives: upconversion fluorescent phosphor NaYF 4 :Yb 3+ , Er 3+ and aluminum doped ZnO (AZO). The films were deposited using a new method of concurrent evaporation of the frozen solution of polymer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) using the matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) and the ablation of the phosphor and AZO targets using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Three laser beams, an infrared 1064-nm beam for the MAPLE and two 532-nm beams for the PLD targets, were concurrently used in the process. A new target holder with remote control of the target tilt was designed to provide overlapping of the plumes from the three targets and uniform mixing of the additives in the polymer film. The fabricated nano-composite films were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the measurement of the quantum efficiency (QE) of the upconversion fluorescence. The films retained the crystalline structure of the inorganic additives. The size of the nano-particles varied in the range 10 to 200 nm. Upconversion QE of the films was an order of magnitude less than that of the bulk phosphor, which can be explained by lesser number of the rare-earth ions in the nano-particles in the polymer film than in the micro-grains of the bulk phosphor. The AZO additive increased QE by 1.6 times to (0.072±0.022) % more likely due to the plasmonic enhancement of the local optical infra-red pump (980 nm) field. The proposed triple-beam triple-target MAPLE/PLD method can be potentially used for making a wide variety of nano-composite films.

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Material properties and applications of blended organic thin films with nanoscale domains deposited by RIR-MAPLE

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Organic Thin Films Deposited by Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) for Photovoltaic Cell Applications: A Review

Organic Thin Films Deposited by Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) for Photovoltaic Cell Applications: A Review

Correlation of Emulsion Chemistry, Film Morphology, and Device Performance in Polyfluorene LEDs Deposited by RIR-MAPLE

Polymer nano-composite films with inorganic upconversion phosphor and electro-optic additives made by concurrent triple-beam matrix assisted and direct pulsed laser deposition

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