Material flow and mixing patterns during dissimilar FSW

Álvarez, Pedro; Janeiro, G.; Silva, A. A. M. da; Aldanondo, Egoitz; Echeverría, Alberto

doi:10.1179/136217110x12785889549543

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…The onion ring structure was composed of the three materials on the advancing side, as illustrated by zone 7. This showed a good mix of the three materials in the stir zone, contrary to what has been suggested for dissimilar welds [20].…”

Section: Morphology Of the Weldscontrasting

confidence: 92%

Nugget Formation and Mechanical Behaviour of Friction Stir Welds of Three Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys

et al. 2020

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The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of the properties of the base materials and welding speed on the morphology and mechanical behavior of the friction stir welds of three dissimilar aluminum alloys in a T-joint configuration. The base materials were the AA2017-T4, AA5083-H111, and AA6082-T6 alloys in 3 mm-thick sheets. The AA6082-T6 alloy was the stringer, and the other alloys were located either on the advancing or retreating sides of the skin. All the T-joint welds were produced with a constant tool rotation speed but with different welding speeds. The microstructures of the welds were analyzed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and the electron backscatter diffraction technique. The mechanical properties were assessed according to micro-hardness, tensile, and fatigue testing. Good quality welds of the three dissimilar aluminum alloys could be achieved with friction stir welding, but a high ratio between the tool’s rotational and traverse speeds was required. The welding speed influenced the weld morphology and fatigue strength. The positioning of the skin materials influenced the nugget morphology and the mechanical behavior of the joints. The joints in which the AA2017 alloy was positioned on the advancing side presented the best tensile properties and fatigue strength.

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Section: Morphology Of the Weldscontrasting

confidence: 92%

Nugget Formation and Mechanical Behaviour of Friction Stir Welds of Three Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys

et al. 2020

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“…Aluminum and copper are widely used in aerospace, electronics, chemical and other fields because of their excellent electrical and thermal conductivity [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. In the process of equipment processing and manufacturing, the problem of connecting the dissimilar metals aluminum and copper often arises [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. At present, the traditional fusion welding method is usually used for the dissimilar materials of aluminum and copper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Post-Weld Annealing on Microstructure and Growth Behavior of Copper/Aluminum Friction Stir Welded Joint

Jin

et al. 2020

Materials

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Friction stir welding of 1016 pure aluminum and T2 pure copper with 2 mm thickness was carried out in the form of lap welding of copper on the upper side and aluminum on the lower side. The growth of interface microstructure between 1016 pure aluminum and T2 pure copper welded by friction stir welding was studied. The growth mechanism of the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer in the Cu-Al lap joint was revealed by annealing at 300, 350, 400 °C. The intermetallic compound (IMC) layer in the lap joint grows again during annealing, and only the original structure of the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer grows at lower annealing temperature and holding time. At higher annealing temperature and holding time, the original structure of intermetallic compound (IMC) layer no longer grows, and a new layered structure appears in the middle of the original structure. There is a gradient change of microhardness in the nugget zone. With different holding times, different softening phenomena appear in the metals on both sides of copper and aluminum. When the hardness decreases to a certain extent, it will not continue to decrease with the increase of holding time. When the annealing temperature is 350 °C and 400 °C, the strength of the tensile sample increases first and then decreases with the increase of holding time. At the interface of Cu-Al, the fracture runs through the whole intermetallic compound (IMC) layer.

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“…In contrast, satisfactory mixture is reached at high rotational speed. [34,35]. It is not the case for aluminum-steel joints, where mixing does not occur in any condition, as highlighted by other authors [36,37], who points out a clear limit between aluminum and steel.…”

Section: Macrostructure Production and Control Of Steel Particlesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Control of Steel Detachment and Metal Flow on Aluminum-Steel Friction Stir Welding of thin Joints

Graciano-Uribe

Santos

2021

IJE

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In the last thirty years, the friction stir welding (FSW) process has achieved significant importance due to the satisfactory results derived from severe deformation and low heat input during the welded joint production. These elements have been considered to implement the FSW in different welded systems, including aluminum-steel joints. In these dissimilar joints, the main interest was to obtain a welded joint with acceptable mechanical behavior. Some papers recently focused on understanding dissimilar joints process, mainly on the metal flow and its response to corrosion. However, in Al-steel joints, the presence of steel particles in the nugget zone is routine, it alters both the mechanical and chemical behavior of welded joints. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the mechanisms that govern these particles' generation, the effect of offset on their formation, and proposing the material flow behavior, using the detached fragments as tracers. It was established that the offset controls the metal's fluidity, which allows the accumulation of steel fragments on the advanced side, and reducing its quantity, due to the decrease of irregularities in the Al-steel interface. Likewise, the metal flow was observed on the retreating side, with that mentioned in aluminum joints. In contrast, on the advanced side, there is a shear action, push down, and lateral movement towards the retreating side, driven by the high forging strength of the metal and the restriction imposed by the steel and the backing.

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Material flow and mixing patterns during dissimilar FSW

Cited by 34 publications

References 39 publications

Nugget Formation and Mechanical Behaviour of Friction Stir Welds of Three Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys

Nugget Formation and Mechanical Behaviour of Friction Stir Welds of Three Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys

Effect of Post-Weld Annealing on Microstructure and Growth Behavior of Copper/Aluminum Friction Stir Welded Joint

Control of Steel Detachment and Metal Flow on Aluminum-Steel Friction Stir Welding of thin Joints

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