Abstract:Over the past years, two-dimensional lattices have attracted the attention of several researchers because they are lightweight compared with their full-solid counterparts, which can be used in various engineering applications. Nevertheless, since lattices are manufactured by reducing the base material, their stiffnesses then become lower. This study presents the weight efficiency of the lattices defined by relations between the elastic modulus and the weight density of the lattices. In this study, the mechanic… Show more
“…The mechanical properties of AM parts can be experimentally obtained by a tensile test based on the ASTM E8/E8M standard. Since an AM part is treated as a lattice structure constructed by many unit cells inside, its specimen should be designed as a homogeneous material with effective properties to ensure that it yields an exact mechanical response 44,45 . Other print parameters affecting its mechanical properties can be studied when ensuring that a specimen can be considered a homogeneous material.…”
In this study, the effects of print parameters on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured metallic parts were investigated using a tensile test. The 17-4 PH stainless steel specimens with two print parameters, including infill density and pattern orientation, were fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) using the bound metal deposition (BMD) technique. The mechanical properties considered in this study are the Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength. The results demonstrate that the pattern orientations do not affect the Young’s modulus of the infill specimen with the triangular pattern. In contrast, the ultimate strength significantly varies depending on the pattern orientations, where the samples with the pattern orientation of zero degrees yield the best ultimate strength. In fact, the mechanical properties of infill specimens increase with their infill density. However, when operating cost and time are considered, an index for estimating performance and sustainability is consequently established. The relationship between the normalized ultimate strength of an infill specimen and the relative density is defined as the weight efficiency. The index for assessing a sustainable product is characterized by the weight efficiency versus sustainable parameter(s). The index can help end users select an appropriate infill density for AM products by considering the operating cost and time. Different cost models, including material-only costs, direct costs, and total costs, can be included in the index model to assess a sustainable product in a particular cost context.
“…The mechanical properties of AM parts can be experimentally obtained by a tensile test based on the ASTM E8/E8M standard. Since an AM part is treated as a lattice structure constructed by many unit cells inside, its specimen should be designed as a homogeneous material with effective properties to ensure that it yields an exact mechanical response 44,45 . Other print parameters affecting its mechanical properties can be studied when ensuring that a specimen can be considered a homogeneous material.…”
In this study, the effects of print parameters on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured metallic parts were investigated using a tensile test. The 17-4 PH stainless steel specimens with two print parameters, including infill density and pattern orientation, were fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) using the bound metal deposition (BMD) technique. The mechanical properties considered in this study are the Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength. The results demonstrate that the pattern orientations do not affect the Young’s modulus of the infill specimen with the triangular pattern. In contrast, the ultimate strength significantly varies depending on the pattern orientations, where the samples with the pattern orientation of zero degrees yield the best ultimate strength. In fact, the mechanical properties of infill specimens increase with their infill density. However, when operating cost and time are considered, an index for estimating performance and sustainability is consequently established. The relationship between the normalized ultimate strength of an infill specimen and the relative density is defined as the weight efficiency. The index for assessing a sustainable product is characterized by the weight efficiency versus sustainable parameter(s). The index can help end users select an appropriate infill density for AM products by considering the operating cost and time. Different cost models, including material-only costs, direct costs, and total costs, can be included in the index model to assess a sustainable product in a particular cost context.
“…Gu et al [27] evaluated the isotropic elastic properties of lattice structures based on various experimental studies. Limpitipanich et al [28] and Fongsamootr et al [29] investigated 3D lattice structures and their behaviour in bending tests. Bjørheim and Lopez [30], on the other hand, carried out a mechanical tensile test on produced samples made of 17-4PH materials; however, these were processed using the BMD method.…”
Additive manufacturing is increasingly being used in the production of parts of simple as well as complex shapes designed for various areas of industry. Prevention of errors in the production process is currently enabled using simulation tools that have the function of predicting possible errors and, at the same time, providing a set of information about the behaviour of the material in the metal additive manufacturing process. This paper discusses the simulation processes of 316L stainless steel produced using the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process. Simulation of the printing process in the Simufact Additive simulation program made it possible to predict possible deformations and errors that could occur in the process of producing test samples. After analysing the final distortion already with compensation, the simulation values of maximum deviation −0.01 mm and minimum −0.13 mm were achieved.
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