Periodontal ligament (PDL) is a thin layer of collagen fiber that can absorb or reduce the transfer of stress from a tooth to the alveolar bone. To understand the function of PDL, stress distributions and displacement over the tooth and bone structure was simulated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). To evaluate the credibility of FEA simulation, a simple model was created: a simply rod connection consists of tooth bar, PDL layer, and bone bar. It was performed with theoretical analysis and FEA using simulation to compare and validate the results. It was found that the theoretical analysis and FEA produced similar results. Therefrom, FEA was used to predict in the Orthodontics problem. Due to the complexity of dental geometry, the Computed Tomography was used to create the real tooth into the 3-dimensional model. FEA was then applied to study the role of the PDL layer with tooth and bone when realistic dental forces were applied using simulation models with and without PDL. The results showed that the maximum stress was higher and very small displacement in the model without the PDL layer. Thus, the PDL acts as a sustaining pad that decreases and intersperses the stress in the alveolar bone. Furthermore, the soft pad of the PDL layer allows the tooth to move more easily.
Our research aims to determine the optimal screw configuration of a dynamic compressive plate (DCP) implant on a human femoral bone. The number of screws and the positioning are sensitive parameters of DCP implant stress repartition. Several previous studies have assessed the influence of thescrew configuration of a DCP implant. Using a realistic geometry of a human left femur and the finite element method (FEM), the calculations in those papers were based on a safe femoral bone. This study evaluates the influence of the application of a simulated fracture gap in the diaphyseal part on the stress repartition of the bone, plate, and screws. The main purpose is to complete the existing studies in order to provide surgeons with information on an optimal prosthesis screw configuration. The plate and screws were modeled and assembled on a cracked femoral bone. The hip region of the femur was loaded with vertical and horizontal forces. The femoral bone was cut into two parts because of the gap: the top part, close to thehip, and the bottom part, close to the knee. The FEM analysis shows that the stresses in screws located in the top part of the femoral bone had significantly increased, whereas the stresses on the plate and the bone had been reduced.
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