Match observations in the Arctic winter 1996/97: High stratospheric ozone loss rates correlate with low temperatures deep inside the polar vortex

Schulz, Astrid; Rex, Markus; Steger, J.; Harris, Neil; Braathen, Geir; Reimer, E.; Alfier, R.; Beck, Alexander; Alpers, M.; Cisneros, J. M.; Claude, H.; Backer, H. De; Dier, H.; Dorokhov, V.; Fast, H.; Godin, S.; Hansen, Georg; Kanzawa, Hiroshi; Kois, B.; Kondo, Yasuyuki; Kosmidis, E.; Kyrö, E.; Lityńska, Z.; Molyneux, M. J.; Murphy, G.; Nakane, Hideaki; Parrondo, C.; Ravegnani, F.; Varotsos, C.; Vialle, C.; Viatte, P.; Yushkov, V. A.; Zerefos, C.; Gathen, Peter von der

doi:10.1029/1999gl010811

Cited by 66 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Ozone variability within the polar vortex exists because of various reasons. In spring 1997, for example, a particularly pronounced inhomogeneity of ozone depletion within the polar vortex was both observed and simulated Schulz et al, 2000;McKenna et al, 2002b;Tilmes et al, 2003). Also inhomogeneous diabatic descent and intrusions at earlier times that have not yet been completely mixed with vortex air are possible reasons for variability of ozone inside the vortex on an isentropic surface.…”

Section: Model Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of mid-latitude intrusions into the polar vortex on ozone loss estimates

Grooß¹,

Müller²

2003

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Current stratospheric chemical model simulations underestimate substantially the large ozone loss rates that are derived for the Arctic from ozone sondes for January of some years. Until now, no explanation for this discrepancy has been found. Here, we examine the influence of intrusions of mid-latitude air into the polar vortex on these ozone loss estimates. This study focuses on the winter 1991/92, because during this winter the discrepancy between simulated and experimentally derived ozone loss rates is reported to be the largest. Also during the considered period the vortex was disturbed by a strong warming event with large-scale intrusions of mid-latitude air into the polar vortex, which is quite unusual for this time of the year. The study is based on simulations performed with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). Two methods for determination the ozone loss are investigated, the so-called vortex average approach and the Match method. The simulations for January 1992 show that the intrusions induce a reduction of vortex average ozone mixing ratio corresponding to a systematic offset of the ozone loss rate of about 12 ppb per day. This should be corrected for in the vortex average method. The simulations further suggest, that these intrusions do not cause a significant bias for the Match method due to effective quality control measures in the Match technique.

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Section: Model Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of mid-latitude intrusions into the polar vortex on ozone loss estimates

Grooß¹,

Müller²

2003

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…They may be responsible for the inhomogeneities in ozone destruction inside the entire vortex, most obvious in winter 1996-1997. In this winter inhomogeneities in temperature resulted in inhomogeneities in denitrification within the polar vortex that are the likely cause of the inhomogeneities in ozone loss (Schulz et al, 2000;Tilmes et al, 2003b).…”

Section: S Tilmes Et Al: Ozone Loss and Chlorine Activation In The mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical ozone loss was derived by the Match technique for the winter 1994-95 Schulz et al, 2000) for the period between January 1 and March 1995, in 370-700 K. It is more than 40 DU larger (127±14 DU) than that with HALOE (in 380-550 K). Like SAOZ, the Match technique estimated strong ozone loss during the first two weeks in January.…”

Section: Comparison Of Column Ozone Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone loss and chlorine activation in the Arctic winters 1991-2003 derived with the tracer-tracer correlations

et al. 2004

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Abstract. Chemical ozone loss in the Arctic stratosphere was investigated for the twelve years between 1991 and 2003 employing the ozone-tracer correlation method. For this method, the change in the relation between ozone and a longlived tracer is considered for all twelve years over the lifetime of the polar vortex to calculate chemical ozone loss. Both the accumulated local ozone loss in the lower stratosphere and the column ozone loss were derived consistently, mainly on the basis of HALOE satellite observations. HALOE measurements do not cover the polar region homogeneously over the course of the winter. Thus, to derive an early winter reference function for each of the twelve years, all available measurements were additionally used; for two winters climatological considerations were necessary. Moreover, a detailed quantification of uncertainties was performed. This study further demonstrates the interaction between meteorology and ozone loss. The connection between temperature conditions and chlorine activation, and in turn, the connection between chlorine activation and ozone loss, becomes obvious in the HALOE HCl measurements. Additionally, the degree of homogeneity of ozone loss within the vortex was shown to depend on the meteorological conditions.Results derived here are in general agreement with the results obtained by other methods for deducing polar ozone loss. Differences occur mainly owing to different time periods considered in deriving accumulated ozone loss. However, very strong ozone losses as deduced from SAOZ for January in winters 1993-1994 and 1995-1996 cannot be identified using available HALOE observations in the early winter. In general, strong accumulated ozone loss was found to occur in conjunction with a strong cold vortex containing a large volume of possible PSC existence (V PSC ), whereas moderate ozone loss was found if the vortex was less strong and moderately warm. Hardly any ozone loss was calculated Correspondence to: S. Tilmes (simone.tilmes@t-online.de) for very warm winters with small amounts of V PSC during the entire winter. This study supports the linear relationship between V PSC and the accumulated ozone loss reported by Rex et al. (2004) if V PSC was averaged over the entire winter period. Here, further meteorological factors controlling ozone loss were additionally identified if V PSC was averaged over the same time interval as that for which the accumulated ozone loss was deduced. A significant difference in ozone loss (of ≈36 DU) was found due to the different duration of solar illumination of the polar vortex of at maximum 4 hours per day in the observed years. Further, the increased burden of aerosols in the atmosphere after the Pinatubo volcanic eruption in 1991 significantly increased the extent of chemical ozone loss.

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“…The meteorological sondes from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS) still provide the most comprehensive humidity data set in the Arctic, although they are of limited reliability (Elliot and Gaffen 1991;Miloshevich et al 2001). The data set for February 1997 was extended by sondes launched during the "Match campaign" (Schulz et al 2000) and the FASTEX campaign (http://www.cnrm.meteo.fr/dbfastex/).…”

Section: Fig 1 Distribution Of Gps/met Radio Occultations (Filled Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Water Vapour Profiles from GPS Radio Occultations in the Arctic

Gerding

Weisheimer

2003

First CHAMP Mission Results for Gravity, Magnetic and Atmospheric Studies

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The relevance of water vapour in atmospheric physics and climate research contrasts strongly with the availability of humidity data in the Arctic. The most extensive humidity data set is based on approx. 80 radiosonde stations north of 60°N, but suffers from two major problems: Sensor diversity and sensor limitations under Arctic conditions, on the one hand, and lacking radiosonde launch sites in the Arctic Ocean and the Greenland iceshield, on the other hand. Calibration free satellite borne instruments like the GPS receiver onboard CHAMP prevent from both handicaps. Comparisons between radiosonde data and GPS-based humidity profiles are presented for single occultations as well as averaged data from the proofof-concept experiment GPS/MET and the recent CHAMP satellite mission. The effects of low absolute humidity and uncertain meteorological analyses are examined using additional information from a regional climate model. For the observations of CHAMP in summer 2001, a general dry bias has been found if compared with radiosonde data, apparent both in single and mean profile intercomparisons. In contrast, during February 1997 GPS/MET data show slightly higher humidity in the mid-troposphere, if compared with model data and objective analyses.

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Match observations in the Arctic winter 1996/97: High stratospheric ozone loss rates correlate with low temperatures deep inside the polar vortex

Abstract: Abstract. With the Match technique, which is

Cited by 66 publications

References 13 publications

The impact of mid-latitude intrusions into the polar vortex on ozone loss estimates

The impact of mid-latitude intrusions into the polar vortex on ozone loss estimates

Ozone loss and chlorine activation in the Arctic winters 1991-2003 derived with the tracer-tracer correlations

Validation of Water Vapour Profiles from GPS Radio Occultations in the Arctic

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