Mast Cell Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Selected Musculoskeletal Diseases

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a noteworthy revival of interest in the function of mast cells (MCs) in the human body. It is now acknowledged that MCs impact a wide array of processes beyond just allergies, leading to a shift in research direction. Unfortunately, some earlier conclusions were drawn from animal models with flawed designs, particularly centered around the receptor tyrosine kinase (Kit) pathway. Consequently, several subsequent findings may have been unreliable. Thus, what is now required is a re-examination of these earlier findings. Nevertheless, the remaining data are fascinating and hold promise for a better comprehension of numerous diseases and the development of more effective therapies. As the field continues to progress, many intriguing issues warrant further investigation and analysis. For instance, exploring the bidirectional action of MCs in rheumatoid arthritis, understanding the extent of MCs’ impact on symptoms associated with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, and unraveling the exact role of the myofibroblast–mast cell–neuropeptides axis in the joint capsule during post-traumatic contractures are all captivating areas for exploration. Hence, in this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the influence of MCs on the pathogenesis of selected musculoskeletal diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, muscle and joint injuries, tendinopathy, heterotopic ossification, and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. We believe that this review will provide in-depth information that can guide and inspire further research in this area.

Distinct mast cell subpopulations within and around lymphatic vessels regulate lymph flow and progression of inflammatory-erosive arthritis in TNF-transgenic mice

“…Synovial mast cells produce cytokines (i.e. TNF, IL-1 and IL-6) that mediate monocyte/macrophage recruitment, differentiation, and activation, and serve as targets of RA biologic therapies ( 13 – 15 ). Additionally, some mast cells promote long term effects in joint tissues through the recruitment of inflammatory cells and activation of stromal cells resulting in fibrosis and accelerated angiogenesis ( 15 , 16 ).…”

“…TNF, IL-1 and IL-6) that mediate monocyte/macrophage recruitment, differentiation, and activation, and serve as targets of RA biologic therapies ( 13 – 15 ). Additionally, some mast cells promote long term effects in joint tissues through the recruitment of inflammatory cells and activation of stromal cells resulting in fibrosis and accelerated angiogenesis ( 15 , 16 ). The number of accumulated mast cells differs substantially from patient to patient and this variation is associated with the intensity of joint inflammation ( 17 ).…”