Massively multiplayer online game addiction: Instrument development and validation

Abstract

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The development and psychometric evaluation of the Internet Disorder Scale (IDS-15)

“…[Please insert Convergent validity relates to the extent to which the items of an instrument appear to be indicators of a single underlying construct (Lee, Cheung, & Chan, 2015).…”

“…Additionally, discriminant validity refers to the degree to which the measures of distinct constructs differ (Lee et al, 2015), and can be demonstrated when the square root of the AVE for each construct is higher than the correlations between it and the rest of the constructs (Fornell & Larcker, 1981;Hair et al, 2010). The square root of the AVE for each construct is shown in Table 3 (located in bold on the diagonal of the table).…”

The digitization of the individual: conceptual foundations and opportunities for research

“…With the emergence of new technologies such as smart homes, smart cars, fitness trackers, drones, and virtual reality (e.g., Wilson et al 2015) and the continued rise of established technologies such as social media sites or massive multiplayer videogames (e.g., Cheung et al 2011;Lee et al 2015), a new paradigm of heavily digitized individuals has developed (Qahri-Saremi and Turel 2016;Thompson 2013;Vaghefi et al 2017;Vodanovich et al 2010). The increased use of devices and services calls for a deeper, contextualized understanding of how digital technologies shape individuals' behaviors and interactions, and what consequences such developments entail for individuals, organizations, and society.…”

Factors determining player drop-out in Massive Multiplayer Online Games

“…Lee et al [33], Beranuy et al [34] and Griffiths [35] argue that there are core components a player needs to experience to get addicted to a video game. Those are salienceoccurs when playing dominates a person's thinking, feelings and behavior and becomes the most important activity in his or her life -, mood modification -when the players' game experience is a way of dealing or escaping from other areas on their life -, toleranceif a player increase the amount of time in the game due to mood modification effects, it leads to tolerance -, withdrawal symptoms feeling states or physical effects that players experience when they are not able to play -, conflict -occurs when playing too much time starts to interfere with players' livesand relapse happens if, when trying to change behavior and reduce playing time, the previous behavior is quickly restored.…”