Massive Third-Wave COVID-19 Outbreak in Bangladesh: A Co-Epidemic of Dengue Might Worsen the Situation

Devnath, Popy; Hossain, Md. Jamal; Emran, Talha Bin; Mitra, Saikat

doi:10.2217/fvl-2021-0182

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(25 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Physical and social contextual elements that influence access, availability, and behaviors have a significant role in physical activity participation. The urban regions in Bangladesh are densely inhabited, and the number of COVID-19 cases was relatively higher ( 59 – 61 ). Besides, several factors such as fear of COVID-19 infection, the strict shutdown of almost every place (except emergency needs), including playgrounds and gymnasium, lack of companions to exercise with, loss of willingness to pursue physical activities, and so on, might demotivate the university students to be active in physical labors during the social lockdown ( 58 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Prolonged COVID-19 Lockdown on Body Mass Index, Eating Habits, and Physical Activity of University Students in Bangladesh: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Hossain

Ahmmed

Khan³

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectivesThis current study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with body mass index (BMI), dietary patterns, and the extent of physical activities among university students following the prolonged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown in Bangladesh.MethodsA cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted between July 10 to August 10, 2021, through a pre-designed Google Form to collect the data from Bangladeshi university students (age: ≥18 years). Informed consent was electronically obtained from each participant, and a simple snowball technique was employed during the sampling. Frequency and percentage distribution, paired t-test, chi-square [χ2] test, and multinomial and binary logistic regression analyses were consecutively applied to analyze the collected data.ResultsAmong the total participants (n = 1,602), 45.1% were female and 55.6% were 22–25 years' age group students. The BMI (mean ± standard deviation, SD) during the COVID-19 lockdown was 23.52 ± 7.68 kg/m2, which was 22.77 ± 4.11 kg/m2 during the pre-lockdown period (mean difference = 0.753; p < 0.001). The multinomial logistic regression analysis found a significant impact of gender [male vs. female: adjusted relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.448; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.022, 2.053; p = 0.037], age (years) (<22 vs. >25: RRR =0.389, 95% CI = 0.213,0.710; p = 0.002, and 22–25 vs. >25: RRR = 0.473, 95% CI = 0.290, 0.772; p = 0.003), monthly family income (BDT) (<25,000 vs. >50,000: RRR = 0.525, 95% CI = 0.334,0.826; p = 0.005), university type (public vs. private: RRR = 0.540, 95% CI = 0.369, 0.791; p = 0.002), eating larger meals/snacks (increased vs. unchanged: RRR = 2.401, 95% CI = 1.597, 3.610; p < 0.001 and decreased vs. unchanged: RRR = 1.893, 95% CI = 1.218, 2.942; p = 0.005), and verbally or physically abuse (yes vs. no: RRR = 1.438, 95% CI = 0.977, 2.116; p = 0.066) on obesity during COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, the female students and those who have constant eating habits, were more likely to be underweight. Additionally, the binary logistic regression analysis found that the students from private universities [others vs. private: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.461, 95% CI = 0.313, 0.680; p < 0.001], urban areas (urban vs. rural: AOR = 1.451, 95% CI = 1.165, 1.806; p = 0.001), wealthier families (<25,000 BDT vs. >50,000 BDT: AOR = 0.727, 95% CI = 0.540, 0.979; p = 0.036), and who were taking larger meals/snacks (increased vs. unchanged: AOR = 2.806, 95% CI = 2.190, 3.596; p < 0.001) and had conflicts/arguments with others (no vs. yes: AOR = 0.524, 95% CI = 0.418, 0.657; p < 0.001), were significantly more physically inactive. Finally, the level of education and smoking habits significantly influenced the eating habits of university students during the extended strict lockdown in Bangladesh.ConclusionThe current findings would be helpful tools and evidence for local and international public health experts and policymakers to reverse these worsening effects on students mediated by the prolonged lockdown. Several effective plans, programs, and combined attempts must be earnestly implemented to promote a smooth academic and daily life.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Prolonged COVID-19 Lockdown on Body Mass Index, Eating Habits, and Physical Activity of University Students in Bangladesh: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Hossain

Ahmmed

Khan³

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Innate immunity is the first self-defense antigen-independent mechanism found in all multicellular organisms [ 31 ], which has the objective of preventing infection, eradicating invader pathogens [ 32 ], and activating the acquired immune response [ 29 ]. It is divided into specific and non-specific immunity.…”

Section: Concepts Of Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Confer Natural Immunity against COVID-19?

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still ongoing, with no signs of abatement in sight. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the causative agent of this pandemic and has claimed over 5 million lives, is still mutating, resulting in numerous variants. One of the newest variants is Omicron, which shows an increase in its transmissibility, but also reportedly reduces hospitalization rates and shows milder symptoms, such as in those who have been vaccinated. As a result, many believe that Omicron provides a natural vaccination, which is the first step toward ending the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on published research and scientific evidence, we review and discuss how the end of this pandemic is predicted to occur as a result of Omicron variants being surpassed in the community. In light of the findings of our research, we believe that it is most likely true that the Omicron variant is a natural way of vaccinating the masses and slowing the spread of this deadly pandemic. While the mutation that causes the Omicron variant is encouraging, subsequent mutations do not guarantee that the disease it causes will be less severe. As the virus continues to evolve, humans must constantly adapt by increasing their immunity through vaccination.

show abstract

“…However, the double mutant Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was discovered for the first time in Bangladesh on May 8th, 2021; since then, the third wave of COVID-19 appeared with a sharp increase at the end of June 2021, with 68% prevalence [43]. Additionally, 20-55% of those who had previously recovered from COVID-19 caused by the other variant were infected by this strain [44]. The variant also exerted roughly eight-fold less sensitivity to Oxford-AstraZeneca and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine-generated immunity compared to the Alpha variant, according to a number of epidemiological and in vitro findings [45].…”

Section: Spatial and Temporal Epidemiology Of Covid-19 In Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Dynamics and Genomic Epidemiology of Emerging Variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Bangladesh

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the progression of the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the new variants have become more infectious and continue spreading at a higher rate than pre-existing ones. Thus, we conducted a study to explore the epidemiology of emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 that circulated in Bangladesh from December 2020 to September 2021, representing the 2nd and 3rd waves. We collected new cases and deaths per million daily data with the reproduction rate. We retrieved 928 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from GISAID and performed phylogenetic tree construction and mutation analysis. Case counts were lower initially at the end of 2020, during January–February and April–May 2021, whereas the death toll reached the highest value of 1.587 per million on the first week of August and then started to decline. All the variants (α, β, δ, η) were prevalent in the capital city, Dhaka, with dispersion to large cities, such as Sylhet and Chattogram. The B.1.1.25 lineage was prevalent during December 2020, but the B.1.617.2/δ variant was later followed by the B.1.351/β variant. The phylogeny revealed that the various strains found in Bangladesh could be from numerous countries. The intra-cluster and inter-cluster communication began in Bangladesh soon after the virus arrived. The prominent amino acid substitution was D614G from December 2020 to July 2021 (93.5 to 100%). From February–April, one of the VOC’s important mutations, N501Y substitution, was also estimated at 51.8%, 76.1%, and 65.1% for the α, β and γ variants, respectively. The γ variant’s unique mutation K417T was detected only at 1.8% in February. Another frequent mutation was P681R, a salient feature of the δ variant, detected in June (88.2%) and July (100%). Furthermore, only one γ variant was detected during the entire second and third wave, whereas no η variant was observed in this period. This rapid growth in the number of variants identified across Bangladesh shows virus adaptation and a lack of strict quarantine, prompting periodic genomic surveillance to foresee the spread of new variants, if any, and to take preventive measures as soon as possible.

show abstract

Massive Third-Wave COVID-19 Outbreak in Bangladesh: A Co-Epidemic of Dengue Might Worsen the Situation

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Impact of Prolonged COVID-19 Lockdown on Body Mass Index, Eating Habits, and Physical Activity of University Students in Bangladesh: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Impact of Prolonged COVID-19 Lockdown on Body Mass Index, Eating Habits, and Physical Activity of University Students in Bangladesh: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Can the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Confer Natural Immunity against COVID-19?

Transmission Dynamics and Genomic Epidemiology of Emerging Variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Bangladesh

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About